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APRIL/MAY 2007 
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The only change is the address .. . 
Australian Orchid Review continues to be 
the same excellent publication it has always 
been — full of brilliantly illustrated and infor- 
mative articles, news and views, profiles 
and plants, cultural notes, shows and show 
results, book reviews, features on those 
special orchids, specialist advertisers, 
future events, still produced by the same 
people, and much, much more.... 


From the Editor's Desk 


im Cootes has written the feature article of this issue with a selec- 
J tion of endemic orchid species from the Philippines. As readers 
would be aware, Jim is a regular contributor to the AOR and is one 
of the words foremost experts on Philippine orchids. Many of the 
more horticulturally desirable species are entrenched in cultivation 
in Australia, yet it is amazing how many of these species were only 
discovered and described over the past couple of decades. A number 
of these species orchids are available from our growing list of adver- 
tisers. 

The winners of the 2006 Victorian Orchids of the Year are 
announced and illustrated. This is a great initiative of OSCOV 
(Orchid Societies Council of Victoria) and really should be emulated 
by the other state bodies. What’s the point otherwise of giving 
awards if they are not publicised? OSCOV has been a great supporter 
of the AOR over many years and has been helped immensely by 
Brian Milligan, who through a wide range of interesting articles, has 
actively promoted orchids throughout Victoria and Australia. 

The water crisis continues in most parts of Australia, with many 
regions subjected to crippling water restrictions. There are three sep- 
arate and topical articles on this subject in this issue by Brian 
Milligan, Bill Mather and Carolin Allen. These make very good 
reading. 

A new chopped and graded coconut husk product has just been 
released — OrchidMate™ . Read about this water-saving medium in 
the article by Murray Shergold of Easy Orchids and Ray Clement of 
Tinonee Orchids. I am sure this will become a very popular, practi- 


- cal and cost-effective medium for orchid growers throughout the 


country. 
There have been some recent ownership and administrative 


_ changes within the offices that publish the Australian Orchid 


Review. The address and phone numbers have changed to the new 


’ Seven Hills address, details appear throughout the magazine. It is 
* now printed by a new company called Agency Graphic World. 


However, the Australian Orchid Review continues to be the same 
excellent world class publication it has always been, full of bril- 
liantly illustrated and informative articles on a full range of orchida- 
ceous topics. 

The Australian Orchid Review is a fully independent and privately 
owned magazine that continues to be the official publication of the 
Australian Cymbidium Society. This is because membership to the 
ACS factors in an AOR subscription with their annual fees. 

It is emphasised that apart from having historical links, the Orchid 
Society of New South Wales and the Victorian Orchid Club no longer 
have any financial, editorial or other influence whatsoever over 
this magazine. The Australian Orchid Review is truly a national 
publication. aa 

David Banks 
Australian Orchid Review 
davidpbanks @veritel.com.au 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


OUR COVER 


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ane E CAL oF 


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Philippines in the 1980's, 
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AM/AOC-NSW. 

Plant and photo David Banks 


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Volume 72 — No. 2 


April/May 2007 
CONTENTS 


+ eS 
Features: Regular F@atatesi Botanic Gardens | 
Endemic Orchid Species of the Philippines — A Selection .............. Jim Cootes 4 From the Editor's Desk §........sssssssseeees Melbourne 2 
Mounting Orchids «0.00... Serie rate iattiern Brian Milligan 17 TE Ele coerssiayl beietar Retr evtnctes propa errata otal 27 


Melbourne’s New Water Restrictions ......ssssssssssssssssussssessssssssseseeee Brian Milligan 20 (NLT NE Sharercriseend baesteo erin riremstoraiesstammeseremueten tmteneatd be 
The Genus Drakaea and Miss Drake ........sssssssssssssesssssssseeesecssesssen Brian Milligan 21 Showdates.......... 


(SEATED TEA esse sroreseccrtermnreeseorsranirareneearnasisssiseonte David P. Banks 22 NIV STASSPS NTS cone fraimsmseronccsstucirempennnma rtm nenemteoomss be 63 
OrchidMate potting media for orchids .......... Murray Shergold and Ray Clement 24 Buyers Guide weenneeeneeen crests 
Western Australian Orchid Spectacular 2008 ..........:ccssssssssseen Tony Watkinson 26 2007 Orchid Events — What's Ont... 
Victorian Orchids of the Year 2006 .....cs..csssssesssssssssssessssseessesassvsess Brian Milligan 29 
VALES LOU SASSO ercctemrens, retirees aecrscciecnestisttcesststs ttt edhe Metttem aT eer ra 40 es 
Editorial copy: 
Articles for publication and consideration should be sent to: 

H Al; . it id P. bie ills, 
Featuring Cymbidiums: . AOR Editor, David P. Banks, PO Box 26 Seven Hills, NSW 1730 
F el iA : 4 +e , All other correspondence to: 

Cymbidiums Australia” compiled by the Australian Cymbidium Society AOR Publisher, Agency Graphic World, PO Box 26 Seven Hills, NSW 1730 
ECILOLS, GeD0 | bea certcesteer ct csueneee uence incttret ameseanammeree tea cr 41 Phone: (02) 9620 4143 Fax: (02) 9620 4102 
CIOWsO)|OI cu VIDDICIUIT]. CIUD metatenerstianertrt restart rset tninintr ns rrisne nate 41 Advertisers: 
TWO, Men's LEGACY Prccsatiisiescclotsscessclescterteeteraree settee tn Neer Noe Smith 42 Deaalli i, 

f : leadline for advertising copy for the 

2007 Sydney Orchid Extravaganza ....sscccssssessscccsssssesesessseseseeeescecseeseesessee CCA 47 June/July 2007 issue is Thursday, 10 May, 2007 
2007 National Cymbidium SHOW ....-.rstsrsnstsnatanenensnananenatanenaee COSV 48 All advertising bookings and enquiries should be directed to: 
Building a Cymbidium Collection ..........csssssssesesssssessssssssssvessssessessnsess Noe Smith 49 Barry Badger or Mark Husk 
VALE: Norma Stafford ........:s:ses00 ... John Tanner 54 Phone: (02) 8825 8900 Fax (02) 9674 1270 
Orchids, your garden — stage 3 restrictions and DeyOnd .........ssssesee0 Bill Mather 55 Email: mark.husk@agencygraphicworld.com.au 
How we are coping with water restrictions ...scsscstsssssseestenssessne Carolin Allen 57 Phone: (02) 8825 8933 


Australian Cymbidium Society —hellos and goodbyes ..........:scesseee Rob Smith 58 Subscriptions: 
2006, NSWiChristiias! Party seen neater tear ent enn Tt See insert for Subscription information 


Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 3 


_ Vanda javierae ‘Superstar’ AM/AOC 


Endemic enhid< species 2 
of the oo - 
ee selection. 


/ by Jim Coo otes 


Aérides lawrenciae 


Amesiella monticola 


he Philippines are blessed with a won- 
derful orchid flora. At the present time 
there are more than 1,100 orchid species 
recorded from this archipelago of over 
7,100 islands. Many more species await 
scientific description, but with the rapid 
destruction of the remaining forests many 
species will never be known to the scien- 
tific community or orchid enthusiasts. 
About 80% of the orchid species from 
the Philippines are found in no other coun- 
try (i.e. endemic). A number of endemic 
genera are also found amongst the islands, 
but they are surprisingly few (seven 
endemic genera from about one hundred 
and forty five). 
There are a number of reasons for the 
large number of endemic orchid species: 
1 the very mountainous terrain of much 
of the Philippines; 
2 the fact that there are many islands; 
3 high elevations which create “islands 
in the sky.” 
The orchid flora of the Philippines has 
affinities with Taiwan and China in the 
north of Luzon. The southern Philippines, 


particularly Palawan, have links with 
Borneo whereas Mindanao has links with 
Sulawesi and New Guinea. 

During the last ice age (about 20,000 
years ago) the sea-levels were about 120 to 
150 metres lower than they are at present. 
Eastern Mindanao, Dinagat Island, Bohol, 
Leyte and Samar and possibly southern 
Luzon were all one large island. Masbate, 
Panay, Negros and Cebu were united. 
Interestingly the island of Mindoro and the 
islands of Tablas, Romblon and Sibuyan 
have never been connected to any other 
Philippine land mass and all these islands 
are surrounded by very deep water. 
Palawan and some of the smaller islands to 
the north were possibly connected to 
north-west Borneo. The islands of the Sulu 
archipelago are also surrounded by deep 
water and have never been connected to 
any other land mass. 

The purpose of this article is to intro- 
duce newer orchid growers to a selection 
of the wonderful orchid species that occur 
within the many islands of the Philippines. 

Some of the plants shown here are rare, 
others common, and all are worthy of cul- 
tivation. 


Aérides lawrenciae Reichenbach. f. 


Professor Heinrich G. Reichenbach 
named this magnificent species in 1883 in 
the Gardeners’ Chronicle. The wife of the 
President of the Royal Horticultural 
Society, Lady Lawrence, had the great 
honour of having this species named for 
her. Lady Lawrence’s husband, Sir Trevor, 
had one of the finest orchid collections in 
Great Britain, or all of Europe for that mat- 
ter, at that time. 

The original plants appear to have been 
collected by Carl Roebelin, who at that 
time was working as a plant collector, for 
the nursery of Frederick Sander. These 
plants were collected in the south eastern 
provinces of Cotabato and Davao on the 
large island of Mindanao. It grows high in 
the trees at elevations up to 500 metres. 

Even though this species is of limited 
distribution there are a number of attrac- 
tive colour forms known: 

1 Aérides lawrenciae var. fortichii is an 
all-white, or albinistic, form of the 
species; 

2 Aérides lawrenciae var. sanderiana has 
slightly larger flowers in which the side 
lobes are cream to yellow in colour; 

3 Aérides lawrenciae var. punctata has 
many spots on all of the floral seg- 
ments, which do not occur on the nomi- 
nal species. 

Aérides lawrenciae is the Queen of all 
the Aérides species because of its magnif- 
icent stature. The plant can reach heights 
of over one metre and a strong healthy 
specimen can produce a number of inflo- 
rescences. The pendulous inflorescences 
can bear up to 35 blooms about 4cm in 
diameter. The flowers are pleasantly 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


scented, and on a warm afternoon, the per- 
fume can fill a large room. 


Amesiella monticola J.E. Cootes and 
D.P. Banks 


The genus Amesiella is represented in 
the Philippines by three species. Two of 
these species are only recent additions to 
the orchid flora of these wonderful islands. 

All the species are plants from the 
mountains where they happily grow on the 
trunks and branches of trees and shrubs, 
usually amongst damp mosses. The eleva- 
tion where these species occur varies from 
between 800 to about 1,600 metres. 

The plants are considered to be minia- 
tures but the flowers are quite large by 
comparison. A healthy, well-grown plant 
of Amesiella monticola can produce two 
inflorescences each bearing up to four 
flowers up to 6cm in diameter. 

Amesiella monticola is closely related to 
Amesiella philippinensis but the two are 
readily separated by the length of the nec- 
tary (spur) and the shape of the side lobes 
of the labellum. Also Amesiella monticola 
is very sweetly perfumed, particularly in 
the evening, which suggests that this 
species may be pollinated by a moth. 

One of the most spectacular of all the 
orchid species, which can be found in the 
Philippines. Sadly it is also highly endan- 
gered because of over-collection and 
indiscriminate, illegal logging and habitat 
destruction in some of the mountainous 
areas of Luzon. 

Hopefully plants of this species will be 
raised from seed, in flask, taking the pres- 
sure off the wild populations. 

This beautiful species is worthy of a 
place in any orchid collection and by pur- 
chasing flask-grown seedlings, we are 
hopefully saving this species in the wild. 


Bulbophyllum cootesii M.A. Clements 

This magnificent species came into my 
possession quite by accident. During my 
many years of visiting the Philippines I 
always requested orchid species from the 
island of Mindanao, from my suppliers. 
One afternoon I was standing in a Manila 
nursery and the husband of the proprietor 
walked behind me and put 4 plants in my 
hand. He told me that these are very spe- 
cial plants. I sometimes think back to that 
time and wonder if he knew what the 
plants were that I was given. 

This proved to be a very true statement, 
because when the plants finally bloomed, 
they proved to be a species that was 
unknown to science beforehand. 

Bulbophyllum cootesii is only known 
from a small island to the north of 
Mindanao. It grows as an epiphyte at ele- 
vations of around 400 metres. 

The flowers are about 7.5cm tall by 
5.5cm in width across the petals. The 
inflorescence can bear up to 5 flowers that 
all open at the same time. 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


Bulbophyllum cootesii 


The plant was named in honour of the 
author of this article, who was the first per- 
son to flower this grand species, in culti- 
vation. 


Bulbophyllum debrincatiae 
J.J. Vermeulen 


Bulbophyllum debrincatiae was named 
by the Dutch orchid taxonomist Dr. Jaap 
Vermeulen in 2002 in his revision of the 
section Hirtula. This was published in the 
Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore. 

The plant has been in cultivation in 
Sydney, Australia for many years but has 
been grown under the name of 
Bulbophyllum negrosianum to which it is 
related. 

Back in 2001 when my book The 
Orchids of the Philippines (Times 
Editions, Singapore) was due for publica- 
tion I went to Singapore to assist in the 
colour separations for the illustrations. Dr. 
Vermeulen was, at that time, working at 
the Singapore Botanic Gardens. Upon 
arrival in Singapore I called Dr. Vermeulen 
and made an appointment to see him at the 
Gardens. 

I had requested Dr. Vermeulen to look 
over my pictures for the genus 


Bulbophyllum just to be sure that all the 
species were correctly named. 

As soon as he saw the picture of 
Bulbophyllum debrincatiae he informed 
me that this was an undescribed species. 
Another picture I had of what I thought 
was an undescribed species was, in fact 
Bulbophyllum negrosianum! 

Bulbophyllum debrincatiae is endemic 


Bulbophyllum debrincatiae 


Bulbophyllum facetum 


_ 
Ceratocentron fesselii 


Coelogyne usitana 


to the mountains of central Luzon where it 
grows on the vertical and horizontal 
branches of trees, usually amongst mosses. 
The elevation in this area is about 1,200 
metres. 

The plant is named after Mrs. Bev 
DeBrincat, from Sydney, Australia who 
was the first person to flower the species in 
cultivation. 


Bulbophyllum facetum Garay, Hamer 
and Siegerist 


The first time that I flowered this beau- 
tiful species was in 1990. The blooms did 
me the honour of opening on the morning 
of Christmas Day of that year. I immedi- 
ately took a series of slides for future ref- 
erence and did not know at the time the 
importance of saving flowers in alcohol. 
My attempts to identify this species failed 
so I sent a slide to Dr. Jaap Vermeulen (a 
specialist in the genus Bulbophyllum), in 
the Netherlands, who told me that my plant 
was an undescribed species. 


Dr. Vermeulen instructed me on how to 
preserve the flowers and sent containers in 
which to keep the flowers when it bloomed 
the following year. 

As the height of summer was approach- 
ing, my plant produced 7 buds. I was quite 
happy that there were plenty flowers. Then 
I guess no-one should predict what Mother 
Nature might do next. About three days 
before the blooms would have opened the 
daytime temperature in Sydney reached a 
high of 40 degrees Celsius. The heat in the 
growing area for my orchids reached 50 
degrees Celsius and all the buds on my 
plant burnt off! 

Such was my luck that the plant did not 
bloom again for several years, by which 
time it had flowered in the United States 
and was described there by Dr. Leslie 
Garay, Fritz Hamer and Emly Siegerist. 

The plant resembles the widely distrib- 
uted Bulbophyllum lobbii (and that is the 
species I first thought my plants were, until 
they flowered). 

The stunning flowers are about 6.5cm in 
diameter and a happy plant can produce 
many flowers, from along the rhizome. 

One feature of this species is that the 
flowers only open in the early morning. By 
mid morning the blooms have closed, only 
to open again the following day. The rea- 
son for this is that the area in which this 
species grows has much heavy fog which 
starts coming up the valleys by the early 
afternoon. 

Bulbophyllum facetum is endemic to 
mountains of central Luzon where it grows 
both on trees and rocks, at elevations of 
around 1,200 metres. 


Ceratocentron fesselii Senghas 1989 

This charming miniature-growing 
species is only known from a small area in 
the mountains of central Luzon. Because 
of the diminutive size of the plant it is vir- 
tually impossible to see when it is not bear- 
ing blooms. 

The first time I was introduced to this 
species was in the above locality. My 
guides and I had just started our day’s jour- 
ney into the forest. A short way along the 
track one of the boys asked me could I see 
the flowers in the tree. I couldn’t, so I 
requested a couple of flowers for closer 
study. The blooms were soon in my hand 
and I could not believe what I was looking 
at. Here was a tiny plant, no more than 3cm 
across the 4 very leathery leaves, bearing 2 
inflorescences, each carrying 4 flowers 
about | cm in diameter. The next most 
striking thing about this “orchid gem” was 
the vivid orange-red colour of the blooms. 

Since that time I have seen many speci- 
mens of Ceratocentron fesselii, both in the 
wild and in cultivation, and the colour of 
the flowers has proven to be somewhat 
variable — ranging from yellow to orange- 
red and other sunset shades. A feature 
about this species, and other high elevation 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


plants, is that once the plants are grown at 
lower elevations they seem to lose the 
intensity of their colour. 

It is possible that this species is polli- 
nated by a bird. This is because of the 
bright colour of the flowers, the very leath- 
ery leaves, and the exposed habitat where 
the plant grows. 

The genus Ceratocentron can be readily 
separated from its related genera by the 
small horn-like protuberance on the label- 
lum. This feature is also the source of the 
generic epithet. 

This genus and its only species is 
endemic to the Philippines. The specific 
epithet honours Dr. Hans Fessel, a German 
orchid taxonomist and botanist. 


Coelogyne usitana Roth and Grub 

This very spectacular species was only 
discovered in the late 1990’s. It was named 
in honour of the original collector Vilmoor 
Usita, by Jiirgen R6th and Olaf Gru8 in the 
fine German orchid magazine Die 
Orchidee. 

It originates from  central-east 
Mindanao and comes from elevations of 
about 800 metres, where it grows on the 
horizontal branches of trees. 

An interesting feature of this species is 
the inflorescence, which can bear up to 30 
flowers (probably more) over a long 
period of time. There are usually only one 
or two blooms open at any one time. The 
flowers are about 6cm in diameter. The 
only obvious fault with Coelogyne usitana 
is the fact that the blooms always face the 
ground. I believe this is because of the 
habitat where this plant dwells, which may 
have constant rain. 

The colouration of the flowers is almost 
unique in the genus Coelogyne. I don’t 
know of any other Coelogyne species in 
which the contrast of colours is so great. 

I am often amazed as to how such a 
spectacular species can escape detection 
for such a long time. 


Dendrobium nemorale L.O. Williams 


Members of the genus Dendrobium 
have some of the most variable plant and 
flower forms in the whole orchid world. 

At the present time there are a number 
of orchid taxonomists studying the genus 
using DNA sequences in an attempt to see 
if all the species currently known as den- 
drobiums really are members of the genus. 
Many changes in the nomenclature of den- 
drobiums can be expected, and I believe, 
in the not too distant future. 

Dendrobium nemorale is, to my mind, 
one of the most charming species in this 
genus. The plants are not large-growing 
reaching a height of about 30 to 35cm. The 
foliage has a rough feeling, sort of like 
sand-paper, and the leaf sheath is covered 
in short brown hairs. 

The flowers are amongst the most 
unusual, in their colouration and pattern- 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


Above: Dendrobium nemorale 


Below: Dendrobium sanderae 


Dendrobium victoriae-reginae 


Dendrochilum cootesii 


10 


Diplocaulobium clemensiae 


ing, in the genus Dendrobium. 

Louis O. Williams named this plant in 
1937 in the Botanical Leaflets of Harvard 
University. 

The specific epithet refers to a plant that 
grows in shaded localities but all the plants 
of this species I have observed, growing in 
the wild, have been in full sun light. 

Dendrobium nemorale is rare, both in 
cultivation and in the Philippines. It has 
only been recorded from the provinces of 
Aurora and Rizal where it grows at eleva- 
tions of about 500 metres, on the trunks 
and branches of trees. 


Dendrobium sanderae Rolfe 


Amazingly, this species was not scien- 
tifically described until 1909 when the 
English botanist, Robert Rolfe, named the 
plant in the Gardeners’ Chronicle. Mts. 
Elizabeth Sander, wife of the great orchid 
nurseryman Frederick Sander, is honoured 
in the naming of this species. 

The region where this plant is found, in 
the mountains of central Luzon, was once 
inhabited by some very war-like tribes of 
natives. 

There is also a variety of this species 
(variety surigaense) found in the lowlands 
of Surigao, in the large southern island of 
Mindanao. It differs from the species by 
the smaller size of the plant and the wavy 
edges to the floral segments. Further stud- 
ies of this group of dendrobiums may well 
give this variety specific status. 

Dendrobium sanderae is one of the 
most spectacular of any of the 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


Dendrobium species to be found in the 
Philippines. Plants can reach heights of 
well over a metre and a well-grown speci- 
men, in flower, is a marvellous sight. 

The colouration of the side lobes of the 
labellum is very variable and it ranges 
from solid brownish purple to almost pure 
white. Albino clones have beautiful apple- 
green side lobes. 

This species is well-known in cultiva- 
tion and deserves a place in any orchid col- 
lection. 


Dendrobium victoriae-reginae Loher 


As can be seen from the specific epithet, 
this plant honours Queen Victoria, who at 
the time of the description was about to 
celebrate her 60th anniversary on the 
British throne. 

Augustus Loher was the botanist/taxon- 
omist who named the new species in the 
Gardeners’ Chronicle in 1897. 

Dendrobium victoriae-reginae is one of 
the great rarities in the plant world, 
because the coiour blue is very uncommon 
in the orchid family. The blue colour is 
quite variable, and apart from the albino 
form which is totally white, all flowers that 
I have seen have a certain touch of blue 
about them. There are also forms of 
Dendrobium victoriae-reginae that have 
violet coloured flowers. The striping on 
the floral segments is also variable with 
some clones heavily striped whilst others 
are almost of pure colour. 

This wonderful species is a native of the 
high mountains of many of the islands 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


Euanthe:sanderiana 


throughout the Philippines. It grows in the 
mossy forests at elevations of over 1,300 
metres. 

I have observed this plant in the wild 
and it grows in the damp mosses on the 
undersides of branches, usually where 
there is constant air-movement and high 
humidity. It is also a shade-loving species. 

Fortunately this species is quite com- 
mon in cultivation and flask-raised 
seedlings are readily available (particu- 
larly in Australia). By growing plants from 


Grammatophyllum multiflorum 


flask we are reducing the pressure on 
plants in the wild. 

Hopefully in the future, when one 
desires to go into the wilds of the moun- 
tains of the Philippines, this wonderfully 
coloured species will still be able to be 
observed growing amongst the trees and 
shrubs. 


Dendrochilum cootesii H. A. Pedersen 


Dr. Henrik Pedersen, from Denmark, 
scientifically described this species in 


11 


Grammatophyllum multiflorum forma citrinum 


1997. 

Before that time the plant was well 
established in orchid collections in 
Sydney, Australia but it was always grown 
as an un-named species that had came 
from the Philippines. The problem was to 
find where the plants had originated. 

In 1991 I was in the mountains of cen- 
tral Luzon with an Australian friend. My 
companion had an interest in members of 
the genus Paphiopedilum and the area we 
were in was the habitat of Paphiopedilum 
haynaldianum, which grows high up in the 
horizontal branches of tall trees (the 
majority of Paphiopedilum species grow 
amongst the leaf litter on the forest floor). 

Our search for Paphiopedilum haynal- 


Phalaenopsis philippinense 


dianum proved to be fruitful and we were 
soon looking for other orchid genera in the 
area. On our trek back towards “civilisa- 
tion” we passed along a ridge and imagine 
my surprise when I saw a flowering plant 
of Dendrochilum cootesii. 

The small plant was growing on the 
trunk of a small tree amongst short mosses. 
A quick look around the area revealed a 
number of other specimens. I collected a 
number of seed capsules of Dendrochilum 
cootesii and the seeds were soon growing 
in flasks upon my return to Sydney. 

A little further along the track there was 
a fallen tree and I was able to collect a 
number of living plants that would have 
otherwise died because of the sudden 


change of habitat. 

Dendrochilum cootesii is almost unique 
in the genus because of the shape of the 
floral segments. The size of the blooms is 
also amongst the largest in the genus. 


Diplocaulobium clemensiae (Ames) 
A.D. Hawkes 


Members of the genus Diplocaulobium 
have their centre of distribution on the 
island of New Guinea, where more than 
100 species are recorded. 

The Philippines has only one species of 
Diplocaulobium and it occurs no where 
else in the world. It has only ever been col- 
lected from the islands of the Visayan Sea 
and on Mindanao. It grows as an epiphyte, 
often amongst ferns, at elevations of 
between 500 and 800 metres. It prefers 
habitats that are very brightly lit and it 
often grows in full sunlight, at least for 
some part of the day. 

This beautiful species was originally 
described as a Dendrobium but as the 
knowledge of the morphology of plants 
improved, separations into distinct genera 
were able to be made. 

Diplocaulobium clemensiae is a “one- 
day wonder” meaning that the blooms 
only last for a single day. A sudden drop in 
temperature, because of a storm, is the 
influence to initiate the flowering hor- 
mones. Normally the blooms will appear 
about 9 days after the temperature drop. 

The flowers of this species are amongst 
the largest in the orchids of the Philippines 
reaching over 10cm in diameter. 

It is a pity that the blooms are so short- 
lived because people are not so interested 
in growing these plants. Normally one 
only sees Diplocaulobium species in the 
collections of botanical gardens and com- 
prehensive species collections of private 
growers. 

The specific epithet honours Mrs. Jo 
Clemens, collector of the original speci- 
mens. 


Euanthe sanderiana (Rchb.f.) 
Schlechter 


This is probably the most important 
orchid species to be found in the 
Philippines. The reason for this is that this 
species is the cornerstone for the majority 
of hybrids in Vanda and Ascocenda breed- 
ing lines. Euanthe sanderiana gives its 
progeny flat flowers; lovely tessellated 
markings on the lateral sepals; and size to 
the blooms. The only fault with this 
species is that the flowers tend to cluster 
toward the end of the inflorescence. 

Professor Heinrich G. Reichenbach 
originally described this orchid as Vanda 
sanderiana in 1882. He honoured the great 
nurseryman Henry F. Sander with the 
naming of this species. 

In 1914 Dr. Rudolf Schlechter created 
the genus Euanthe for this species. The 
reason for the generic change was because 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


Euanthe sanderiana \acks a spur on the 
back of the labellum, a feature of all Vanda 
species. 

The hybridists in Thailand and Hawaii 
have, over many years, line bred this 
species and nursery-raised seedlings are 
always going to be vastly superior in form 
to any wild-collected plants. 

Euanthe sanderiana is endemic to the 
southern island of Mindanao, where it is 
found in the provinces of Cotabato, Davao 
and Zamboanga. It is a species of eleva- 
tions up to about 500 metres where it 
grows as an epiphyte. 

It is quite rare in its natural habitat 
because of over-collection. 


Grammatophyllum multiflorum var. 
tigrinum Lindley 

One of the most spectacular sights, 
when travelling around in the provinces of 
the Philippines, is a large plant of 


Grammatophyllum — mutltiflorum __ var. 
tigrinum in full flower. 
The plant is large-growing, with 


pseudobulbs reaching a height of 15 to 
20cm by up to 5cm in diameter. The three 
or four leaves are at the top of the pseudob- 
ulb and are about 30cm long by 4cm in 
width. An interesting feature of the genus 
Grammatophyllum is the formation of “lit- 
ter traps” by the roots. Once the plant is 
firmly attached to its host the roots will 
produce short, upward-growing “root- 
like” growths, which are very adept at 
catching any falling leaves or other litter 
from the forest. 

Quite frequently these “litter traps” are 
also the home of a species of ant, which is 
quite aggressive if the plant is disturbed in 
any way. 

The inflorescences can reach lengths of 
well over one metre and these can bear 
well over one hundred very attractive 
blooms. The flowers are reminiscent of 
those of a Cymbidium and, in fact the two 
genera are closely related. There is a great 
deal of variation in the colouration and the 
markings on the floral segments. A rare 
albino form of this glorious species has 
pure apple-green flowers and only occurs 
in southern Luzon. This form is known as 
Grammatophyllum multiflorum var. cit- 
rinum. 

Grammatophyllum  multiflorum var. 
tigrinum is endemic to the Philippines. 
Interestingly it has not been recorded from 
the large island of Mindanao. It is a species 
of the lowlands and is very common in cul- 
tivation. 


Hippeophyllum wenzelii Ames 

One of the great joys of entering an 
orchid nursery, and particularly if that 
establishment specialises in species 
orchids, is the opportunity to find a plant 
that is seldom seen in cultivation or pos- 
sesses some other unusual feature. 

Normally when I arrive in the 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


Hippeophyllum wenzelii 


Philippines one of my first stops, within a 
day or two of arrival, is at some of the local 
orchid nurseries that specialise in species 
orchids. It is always a joy for me (but 
totally boring for any companion who is 
not interested in orchids) to spend a few 
hours looking at what plants are available, 
and the more unusual the plant the better I 
like it. 

Hippeophyllum wenzelii is one of these 
species. It is only a miniature growing 
plant, less than 10 centimetres tall, with 
the leathery leaves arranged in the shape of 
a fan. The inflorescence is upright and 
appears from the centre of the leaf fan, 
bearing many small blooms about 3mm in 
diameter. 

At the present time there are only four 
recorded species in the genus and the 
Philippines has one of these species, which 
occurs nowhere else on the face of the 
earth. The other three species have been 
recorded from Peninsular Malaysia, 


Renanthera storiei 


Sumatra and New Guinea. 

Hippeophyllum wenzelii has only been 
found on the island of Leyte in the Visayan 
Sea in the central Philippine archipelago. 
It grows as an epiphyte on the trunks and 
branches of trees at low elevations. 

I believe that the genus is more widely 
distributed in the Philippines but because 
of the small size of the plant and the small 
flowers it is frequently over-looked by col- 
lectors who are seeking much larger-flow- 
ered prizes. 


Phalaenopsis philippinensis Golamco ex 
Fowlie and C.Z. Tang 


To see a Phalaenopsis growing in the 
wild had always been a great wish of mine. 
The plants are always sought-after collec- 
tor’s items and if they are noticed in the 
forest they are soon collected. 

One afternoon we were walking along a 
creek bed (more truly I was slipping and 
sliding) not looking for anything in partic- 


ular, when I suddenly lost my footing on a 
wet, mossy rock. I fell backwards and 
luckily was saved from any serious injury 
by a small bush which broke my fall. 
Imagine my great surprise when I was 
looking up into the trees above I noticed a 
plant of Phalaenopsis philippinensis. 

The plant was growing on the underside 
of a large branch, in an area which 
received constant air movement and high 
humidity due to a nearby waterfall. 

This beautiful species is only found in 
the mountains to the north east of the 
island of Luzon. 

The beautiful foliage is very dark green 
and the upper surface is mottled with sil- 
ver markings. The inflorescence is semi- 
pendulous and will branch on mature 
plants bearing many flowers ranging in 
colour from pale pink to cream to white. 
The bright yellow side lobes of the label- 
lum are one of the distinguishing features 
of this delightful species. 

The plant was first described by Andres 
Golamco Jr. in 1984 but there was no Latin 
diagnosis. Dr. Jack Fowlie and C.Z. Tang 
re-published the description (with the 
Latin portion) in The Orchid Digest in 
1987. 


Renanthera storiei Reichenbach f. 


Members of the genus Renanthera are 
amongst the most spectacular of all the 
orchid species known to man. Their bright 
colours of red and orange, are not very 
common in the orchid world. 

The first Renanthera species, R. coc- 
cinea was described in the late 1790’s 
from plants collected in Viet Nam and 
there are about 16 species in the genus. 
The Philippines has 5 species and the most 


Sarcophyton pachyphyllus 


wonderful is Renanthera storiei. 

This species starts off its life as a terres- 
trial, at the base of a tree, and as it grows it 
attaches itself to its host. Plants of this 
species have been known to reach lengths 
of several metres. 

An old plant can bear several inflores- 
cences each with many magnificent bright 
red flowers that are about Scm tall’by 4cm 
across the petals. The inflorescences 
branch and are always horizontal carrying 
the flowers on the one level. 

Professor Heinrich G. Reichenbach 
named this plant in the Gardeners’ 
Chronicle in 1880. James Storie is hon- 
oured with the naming of this plant as he 
collected the original specimens to arrive 
in Europe. 

Renanthera storiei is endemic to the 
Philippines and is found throughout the 
archipelago at elevations up to 1,000 
metres. 

The common name for this genus of 
orchids is the Fire-Orchids, and a most 
appropriate name it is too. 


Sarcophyton pachyphyllus (Ames) 
Garay 

When one is visiting provincial areas in 
the Philippines it is quite frequent that an 
entirely different orchid species will be 
observed. 

One time I was in southern Luzon and I 
was looking at the orchids for sale at a 
number of road-side nurseries. Amongst 
the plants on offer was a very large 
monopodial orchid species that I did not 
recognise. 

This plant was about 60 centimetres tall 
and had very thick, gracefully arching 
foliage which was very leathery to the 


Spathoglottis vanoverberghii 


touch. It didn’t take too long before the 
plant was in my possession along with a 
couple of smaller examples of the same 
species. 

When I returned to the home of my host, 
he very excitedly said to me that I had just 
purchased “‘waling-waling” (which is the 
local Filipino name for Euanthe sanderi- 
ana, endemic to Mindanao). I told my host 
that this could not be so because “waling- 
waling” did not occur on Luzon and we 
left it at that. 

Anyway the plants eventually got back 
to Manila and as soon as one of my orchid 
nursery friends saw the plants I was told 
that they were Sarcophyton pachyphyllus. 
I was also warned that I will be very dis- 
appointed when the plant eventually flow- 
ers, because in spite of the size of the plant 
the flowers are very small. 

When the plant did bloom I was 
absolutely amazed at the number of flow- 
ers produced (more than 300 blooms) on 
the upright, branching inflorescence. The 
blooms are about 7mm in diameter. 

The specific epithet pachyphyllus, is 
very appropriate for this orchid. Pachy 
means thick and -phyllus means leaf. The 
leaves of this species are about 7mm thick. 


Spathoglottis vanoverberghii Ames 

The genus Spathoglottis is well-repre- 
sented in the Philippines, with 6 species 
currently recorded, and a number more 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


awaiting scientific description. An inter- 


esting feature of the Philippine 
Spathoglottis is that the majority of the 
species are the colour yellow. 

This genus of terrestrial species has 
some of the most spectacular and florifer- 
ous orchids in cultivation. They are proba- 
bly the most commonly seen orchid in the 
Philippines. I have travelled extensively 
throughout the islands of the Philippines 
and I don’t believe there is a town I have 
visited where I haven’t seen a few pots of 
Spathoglottis growing somewhere. 

Spathoglottis vanoverberghii was 
named after a Belgian priest, Father 
Vanoverbergh, who spent many years in 
the mountains of the central Philippines 
working with the native people there. I 
don’t really know if he was successful in 
saving souls but he was a very competent 
botanist and plant collector. He has been 
honoured with having many species of 
many different kinds of plants named for 
him. 

Spathoglottis vanoverberghii is 
unusual, when compared to the other 
members of the genus in the Philippines in 
that the plant is deciduous when in flower. 

It is only known from the mountains of 
central Luzon where it grows, on the 
ground amongst grasses, at elevations over 
1,000 metres. It is certainly one of the most 
brightly coloured orchids to be found in 
the Philippines. 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


Trichoglottis atropurpurea 
Reichenbach f. 

This wonderful species was first 
described by Professor Reichenbach in 
Linnaea in 1876. The specific epithet 
refers to the very darkly-coloured flowers. 
It is better known as Trichoglottis brachi- 
ata but Reichenbach’s epithet has priority 
by 46 years. _ 

Trichoglottis atropurpurea is a plant 
from the lowlands of the Philippines and 
specimens have even been collected grow- 
ing on mangrove trees. It is quite widely 
distributed throughout the islands of the 
Philippines. 

The labellum of this species is shaped 
like a crucifix, and the bright pink coloura- 
tion of this segment, make this orchid a 
very attractive addition to any collection. 

The neat growth habit of this plant and 
the small amount of space needed in which 
to cultivate it are all factors as to why this 
plant should be grown. 

Plants which have been grown from seed 
and germinated in sterile flasks, are prefer- 
able, because these plants, generally grow 
much better. They are normally much more 
adaptable to cultivation than a plant which 
has been collected from the wild. 


Vanda javierae Tiu ex Fessel and 
Liickel 1990 


Danilo A. Tiu first named this magnifi- 
cent species in the Philippine Orchid 
Review in 1984. Inadvertently, the vital 
Latin portion of the description was not 


Trichoglottis atropurpurea 


included in the original paper. It was then 
necessary for two botanists from Germany 
to re-describe the plant in the German 
orchid periodical Die Orchidee. 

The plant is named in honour of Mrs. 
Alicia Javier, a well-known orchid nursery 
proprietor, from Manila, the capital city of 
the Philippines. 

When plants of this species were first 
brought to Mrs. Javier’s nursery she could 
not believe what she saw, and thought that 
somehow the flowers had been “faked.” 
Mrs. Javier’s efforts to get to the bottom of 
the “fraud” proved fruitless as the flowers 
were very much real. 

The plants reach a height of over 60cm 
but plants this big are rare and the average 
size is closer to 30cm. Well-grown plants 
can produce several inflorescences that 
each will bear up to 10 blooms about 6cm 
in diameter. The majority of the flowers 
open at the same time. 

The pure white colour of the flowers, 
with some pinkish-brown markings in the 
centre of the flower, are almost unique in 
the genus. Only the albino form of the Thai 
Vanda coerulea bears any resemblance to 
this species. The large, frilly labellum of 
Vanda javierae readily separates this from 
the Thai species. 

Vanda javierae is endemic to the moun- 
tains of central Luzon where it grows at 
elevations of about 1,200 metres. It grows 
on the trunks and outer branches of trees in 
brightly lit situations where it receives 
constant air movement and high humidity 


Above: Vanda javierae 


Below: Vanda ustii 


16 


for much of the day. 

In its natural habitat this is a rare species 
that is found in a very small area that is 
very difficult to reach. 

Fortunately, flask-grown plants of 
Vanda javierae are readily available, thus, 
hopefully reducing pressure on dwindling, 
wild populations. 


Vanda ustii Golamco, Claustro and de 
Mesa 


This species was only recently scientif- 
ically described in the February 2000 issue 
of the Waling-Waling Review. 

But in fact this orchid has been in col- 
lections for many years under the incorrect 
names of either Vanda luzonica or Vanda 
merrillii. It has been extensively exported 
from the Philippines as Vanda luzonica 
var. immaculata for many years. 

This is another species from the moun- 
tains of central Luzon at elevations of 
about 1,200 metres. It grows as an epi- 
phyte in brightly lit situations. 

The reason for the specific epithet is a 
story of some interest. This epithet honours 
the University of Santo Tomas in Manila. 

A number of years ago Andres Golamco 
Jr. was going to describe this plant as a 
new species. This was after making a study 
of the species and being satisfied that he 
was doing the right thing. 

A short time later, Mr. Golamco was 
informed by a former President of the 


Philippine Orchid Society that the 
University of Santo Tomas was hoping to 
have an orchid named after the institution. 
The only stipulation was that the flower 
must have the colours of yellow, red and 
white. 

These were the exact colours of the 
plant Mr. Golamco was about to describe. 
So the University of Santo Tomas got its 
flower named for the institution and we 
now have another newly described species 
from the Philippines. As a point of interest 
the specific epithet is pronounced you-es- 
tee-ee-eye. 

The photographs used in this article 
have been taken by David Banks, Jim 
Cootes, Ed DeVogel, Gary Yong Gee, Ron 
Parsons, Andre Schuiteman, David 
Titmuss, and Danny Tiu. 


References 


Ames O. (1982 reprint.) Studies in the 
Family Orchidaceae Fascicles I & V 
Cootes J. 2001. The Orchids of the 
Philippines. 
Davis R.S. and Steiner M.L. 1952. 
Philippine Orchids. 
Swinson A. 1970. Frederick Sander: 
The Orchid King 
Valmayor H. 1984. Orchidiana 
Philippiniana 
Jim Cootes 
Riverwood, NSW 
Email: jecootes@ozemail.com.au 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


Barkeria spectabilis 


Mounting Orchids 


ost of the orchid species in our col- 
lections grow in nature with their 
roots partly or fully attached to tree 
branches or trunks. Why then, do we try to 
grow them in pots? Mainly for conve- 
nience — most orchids on mounts need to 
be watered daily during their growing sea- 
son, whereas those in pots may be left for 
two or three days between waterings in 
summer and for a week or two in winter 
before they need to be watered again. But 
there are disadvantages in trying to grow 
some species orchids in pots; it’s only too 
easy to rot their roots by keeping the pot- 
ting mix too wet, especially when the 
orchid is in its natural dormant season and 
its roots are incapable of transferring 
moisture to the rest of the plant. Those 
species with long dormant periods, such as 
barkerias, Euchile citrina, Laelia speciosa 
and some oncidiums, grow much better on 
mounts; cultivation in pots often leads to 
slow decline unless great care is taken to 
water only when absolutely necessary. 
Tree branches are the natural hosts for 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


by Brian Milligan 


many orchids, so it seems logical to use 
tree branches for mounts. In nature, how- 
ever, many orchid species prefer particular 
tree species and it follows that these 
orchids may not do as well on some 
mounts as they do on _ others. 
Unfortunately in many instances, espe- 
cially with exotic species, the natural host 
is unprocurable here in Australia, so we 
must make do with branches from our 
common garden trees. Generally the 
branches of rough-barked hardwood trees, 
such as oak, casuarina, peach, apricot etc., 
are most suitable. Orchid roots seem to 
cling better to rough bark than to smooth, 
and rot-resistant hardwood is more durable 
than many softwoods, such as pine. 
Unfortunately no timber mount lasts for- 
ever and eventually the orchid will need to 
be remounted when the mount sheds its 
bark, rots or is attacked by borers or other 
insects. 

Alternatives to tree branch mounts 
include natural cork (the bark of cork oak 
trees grown specifically for producing 


cork, mainly in Portugal). Old hardwood 
fence palings are also suitable. All of the 
above mounts dry out quite rapidly and 
need watering daily during most of sum- 
mer — even more often on very hot days. 
Some growers prefer to use tree fern 
mounts (aged, black material is best), 
because it retains more moisture and there- 
fore needs watering less often. However in 
my experience orchids mounted on tree 
fern do well for a few years only, before 
they begin to decline. This behaviour is 
generally attributed to the development of 
acidity in the mount. Some growers dip 
their tree-fern mounts periodically in lime 
solution to counteract this acidity. Perhaps 
I should have applied the lime treatment 
earlier or more frequently because I’ve 
never had much success in resurrecting 
sick orchids mounted on tree fern. 

Many alternatives to timber, cork or tree 
fern mounts have been tried as orchid 
mounts. Examples include slate, sand- 
stone, upturned terra cotta pots and terra 
cotta agricultural pipes. One ploy to avoid 


17 


i 
| 


Above: Dinema polybulbon 
Below Right: Polystachya galeata 
Above Left: Dendrobium loddigesii 


Below Left: Maxillaria tenuifolia 


the need for frequent watering is to mount 
the orchid on a terra cotta pipe, then block 
one end, hang it from the shade-house roof 
and then (in summer) fill the pipe with 
water. Slow diffusion of water through the 
porous pipe keeps the orchid’s roots damp 
and also helps to provide a more humid 
environment. I’ve seen this method used 
for growing the Australian thumb-nail 
orchid, Dockrillia linguiformis, but don’t 
know how well it works in the long term. 
A recent innovation, which I first heard 
about a few years ago, is the use of recy- 
cled rubber floor matting for orchid 
mounts. These mats are made of shredded 
car tyre rubber which has been bonded 
together to form a water-permeable mesh 
about 12 mm thick. The matting holds a lot 
of water when first wet but drains and dries 
quickly because none is absorbed by the 
rubber itself. These mats are not cheap 
(about as expensive as natural cork) but 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


have the advantage that they should 
be almost indestructible, being 
resistant to decay and to attack by 
insect pests. Mounts can be cut to 
size with a pruning saw and drilled 
like tree branches to attach wire 
hangers. They have a very coarse 
surface, to which most orchid roots 
readily attach themselves. 

Orchids growing successfully for 
me on rubber mounts include 
Dendrobium loddigesii, D. schnei- 
derae, Maxillaria _ sophronitis, 
Maxillaria tenuifolia, Dinema 
polybulbon, Baptistonia echinata, 
Zygostates grandiflora and 
Polystachya species. 

When tying orchids to mounts, it’s 
important that the plant be secured 
firmly so that the developing root 
tips are not damaged when the plant 
is moved during handling or by 
wind. The plant should always be 
placed directly on the mount, never 
with a layer of moss between the 
two. A thin layer of moss may be 
placed over the roots to conserve 
moisture but the new roots seem to 
attach themselves faster to the 
mount if no moss is used (assuming 
that you can water the plant daily). 
Nylon fishing line is often used to 
secure an orchid to its mount. It 


Right: Polystachya 
zambesiaca 


must be pulled tightly enough to fasten the 
plant to its mount firmly but not so tightly 
as to cut the pseudobulbs or roots. Copper 
wire is sometimes used for large plants. I 
prefer to use  plastic-covered wire 
(Twistie-Tie™ ) because it is less likely to 
damage the plant, even when pulled tight. 
Yes, I agree that it’s unsightly, but it can be 
removed within a year or two, as soon as 
the roots have taken good hold of the 
mount. 

If you are unable to water your mounted 
orchids often enough to maintain good 
growth, try placing the mount on the bench 
rather than hanging it. Hanging mounts 
seem to dry out twice as rapidly as those 
lying flat. Mounted orchids are best fer- 
tilised by dipping the entire mount in a 
dilute solution of liquid fertiliser. I dip my 
mounts in very weak solution of Peters 
XL™ stored in a 40L plastic bin in my 
glasshouse on most days during the grow- 
ing season. 

(Plants accompanying this article grown 
and photographed by David Banks.) | 


Brian Milligan, 
North Balwyn, Victoria 


Melbourne’s New Water Restrictions 


ven at the beginning on March 2007 

the pessimists were predicting that 
stage 4 water restrictions would be intro- 
duced on 1 May 2007. Stage 4 meant that 
NO mains water at all could be used on 
your garden (or orchids). It sounded like 
utter disaster but many country growers 
have been on stage 4 restrictions for a year 
or more, and most of them have managed 
to retain their orchid collections. 

Fortunately, a new level of restrictions 
(stage 3A) has been introduced in 
Melbourne, to take effect from 1 April, 
which still enables us to use mains water 
on our orchids on two mornings each week 
(6-8 am for the youngsters, 8-10 am for 
mature growers over 70 years old, like 
me). The designated days are Wednesday 
and Sunday for ‘odd’ residents and 
Tuesday and Saturday for those with even 
house numbers. Level 3A restrictions are 
expected to remain in force until 1 August, 
regardless of weather patterns. 

Those country growers on stage 4 
restrictions have managed by using ‘grey’ 
water collected from baths, showers and 
clothes washing machines, and by collect- 
ing rain water from the rooves of their 
house, sheds and covered shade-houses. If 


20 


by Brian Milligan 


you plan to use all the water from your 
washing machine, it’s important to use 
special soap, because some laundry prod- 
ucts are toxic to orchids and other plants. 
Glenda Warren has been using a product 
called Earth Choice Liquid for washing 
her clothes — it’s low in salt and phos- 
phates, and therefore less toxic to plants 
than many other products. The safest 
option is to discard the wash water, and to 
collect only the rinse water from the wash- 
ing machine for use on your plants. 

A better option (provided that rain falls) 
is to collect and store rainwater, although 
there is a long waiting list when buying 
some water tanks, especially the slimline 
models needed for houses built close to 
fencelines. The cheapest form of water 
storage is the plastic garbage bin (one of 
the best is a 60L bin occasionally available 
from Bunnings for only $10). I have 5OOL 
of rainwater stored in plastic garbage bins, 
and use it to water those orchids that need 
it at times when tap watering is forbidden. 

Fanatical orchid growers like me and 
many of my friends will never part with 
our orchids, even it means watering the 
most valuable with bottled water! But I 
foresee that many people with just a few 


orchids may find it easier to abandon their 
hobby, at least until the water restrictions 
are lifted. My advice to them is to perse- 
vere in the hope that the drought will soon 
end. If you grow your orchids under a solid 
roof, remove part of it so that they can take 
advantage of any rain that falls, and put 
plastic picnic plates beneath your cymbid- 
iums, so that they need to be watered less 
often. 

If stage 4 restrictions are eventually 
introduced, consider moving some of your 
orchids indoors — there are no restrictions 
on watering indoor plants, and there prob- 
ably never will be, because the ban would 
be impossible to police. Indoor plants 
require much less water than those grown 
outdoors, because of lower temperatures 
and much less evaporation. There is insuf- 
ficient light indoors to grow genera such as 
cymbidiums and dendrobiums but low- 
light orchids, such as Phalaenopsis, 
paphiopedilums, masdevallias, other pleu- 
rothallids and many members of the 
Odontoglossum alliance will probably 
grow and flower satisfactorily if housed in 
a well-lit room. | 

Brian Milligan 
North Balwyn, Victoria 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


The Genus Drakaea 
and Miss Drake 


by Brian Milligan 


rakaea is a genus of terrestrial orchids 

found only in southwestern Western 
Australia. Commonly called Hammer 
Orchids, each of the nine species in the 
genus has a single, ovate or heart-shaped 
leaf, and a single flower carried on a tall, 
wiry stem. Hammer orchids grow in sandy 
soil, and flower during spring. The most 
conspicuous features of the flower are the 
prominent column bearing the sexual 
organs, and a warty labellum attached by a 
hinged strap. Whereas the column and 
labellum are held above the flower, the 
narrow, rather insignificant petals and 
sepals dangle downwards. 

Although hammer orchids are difficult 
to find in the wild, they are well docu- 
mented in the orchid literature because of 
their unusual method of reproduction. The 
flowers are pollinated by male thynnine 
wasps, each of the nine Drakaea species 
being pollinated by a different species of 
wasp — this specificity avoids contamina- 
tion of the gene pool by hybrids. 

Like most wasps, male thynnine wasps 
have wings but the females are wingless 
and spend much of their lives in burrows. 
Only when sexually mature does the 
female thynnine wasp emerge from her 
burrow to climb a nearby grass stalk. She 
then releases a pheromone (sex attractant) 
that lures male wasps, often from a con- 
siderable distance downwind. Firmly 
grasping her body in his legs, the male 
takes the female wasp on a nuptial flight 
before returning her to the burrow (or pos- 
sibly dropping her from a great height after 
he has had his wicked way!). 

Returning to the hammer orchids .. . 
The labellum of a hammer orchid also 
emits the same (or a very similar) cocktail 
of odours as the female thynnine wasp. 
Thus the male wasp is attracted to the 
flower’s labellum, (which by no coinci- 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


dence has a similar shape to that of the 
female wasp), grasps it firmly, and then 
attempts to embark on his ‘joy flight’. 
Because the labellum is firmly attached to 
the flower, all that happens is that the 
‘hinge’ swings shut, causing the wasp to 
plummet headfirst onto the column. In the 
process his head or back is liberally 
smeared with pollen. 


Learning nothing from the experience, 
the male wasp picks himself up and heads 
off in search of another ‘mate’. Finding 
another flower, he repeats the exercise, 
this time transferring the pollen from his 
head to the stigma on the column. Thus the 
flower is pollinated, and eventually a seed 
pod develops. 

Drakaea livida 

The photograph shows two hammer 
orchid flowers, the one on the left with the 
labellum in its normal position, while the 
one on the right has the hinge in the closed 
position, which brings the labellum very 
close to the flower’s sexual organs. I took 
this photograph south of Perth almost 
twenty years ago, being exceedingly lucky 
to find two flowers growing close enough 
together to be able to show the labellum in 
the two positions (we found fewer than ten 
plants altogether). 

The genus Drakaea was named by the 
famous British botanist John Lindley in 
1839. He named it after Miss Sarah Anne 
Drake, the botanical artist who drew, 
painted, and made lithographs of many of 
the orchids and other plants that Lindley 
described. She lived with the Lindley fam- 
ily (who called her ‘Ducky’) between 
1830 and 1847, and retired to Norfolk only 
when Lindley’s Botanical Register ceased 


publication in 1847. | 
Brian Milligan, 
North Balwyn, Victoria 


VICTORIAN 
INTERNATIONAL 
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 eaandtan over 20 Weiner & Interstate 
Orchid Nursery & Specialist Plant Growers 


ora 19TH, & 20TH MAY 2007 


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21 


Eria marginata Rolfe 


Text and photos by David Banks 


ria is primarily a South-east Asian 

genus of some 400 plus epiphytic and 
lithophytic orchid species. They are dis- 
tantly related to Dendrobium but have not 
enjoyed the same level of popularity in 
cultivation as that diverse genus. In most 
cases, Eria species have relatively small 
flowers that are short-lived, plus the 
majority of species have blooms that have 
insipid colours — from dirty cream to 
greenish yellow. 

Thankfully they are relatively amenable 
to cultivation and some of the species can 
certainly be described as attractive to spec- 
tacular. As a bonus, many species put on 
quite a floral display when in full flight 
and are most eye-catching. 

It was originally described in The 
Gardeners’ Chronicle in 1889 by Robert 
Allen Rolfe {1855-1921}, who was the 
first curator of the Orchid Herbarium at 


22 


Kew Gardens in the United Kingdom. He 
also was the founder of the world’s oldest 
surviving orchid periodical, The Orchid 
Review. 

Eria marginata is a somewhat scarce 
species in cultivation and in some ways the 
bloom is similar to some colour forms of 
our indigenous Dendrobium kingianum. It 
is distributed from the mountainous 
regions of Myanmar (Burma) across to 
West Yunnan province in China, where the 
pictured examples originally came from. 
This species is from Section 
Cylindrolobus that is characterised by hav- 
ing short, lateral, single to few-flowered 
inflorescences from the apical part of the 
pseudobulb (which is up to 20cm in height, 
topped with three leaves). There are also a 
few conspicuous bracts behind the blooms 
that are persistent for some time after the 
flowers have withered. 


This species does not appear to have a 
set blooming season, and most likely relies 
on a drop in atmospheric pressure (as 
occurs during thunderstorms or significant 
weather events) to trigger flowering. I 
have noted flowerings in April (autumn), 
August (late winter) and December (early 
summer). The individual blooms last up to 
one week, slightly shorter duration in 
warmer weather. It generally produces its 
blooms in pairs or as individuals. 


Cultivation 


Ihave found this quite an easy subject in 
cultivation. This is not a tropical lowland 
species, but one from a cooler, mountain- 
ous climate. The plant is dormant in sum- 
mer, with two flushes of new growths pro- 
duced throughout the year, in autumn then 
again in spring. It is grown potted in a 
bark-based mix with the addition of about 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


Left and above: Eria marginata 


Right: Eria marginata 
(labellum detail) 


10% perlite and 10% river gravel (grade 
10-15mm). It is hung under a double layer 
of 70% shadecloth (grown above 
Dendrochilum species) and is moved 
under a fibreglass roof for winter. It has 
experienced extreme temperature variants: 
from —2°C in winter to 47°C in mid-sum- 
mer. It needs to be stressed that these hos- 
tile conditions are relatively short-lived, 
otherwise this (and many other) orchids 
would succumb. It prefers a moist, humid 
environment, with unimpeded air circula- 
tion, with the well-drained mix ideally 
kept on the moist side. 

I have so far been unsuccessful in “‘self- 
ing” this species. This is a problem with 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


many rare (in cultivation at least) species 
where a different clone is almost impossi- 
ble to find, as mating two different clones 
invariable produces seed capsules. 
Obviously mericloning is another option, 
but such botanicals do not have the mass- 
market appeal of the more commercial 
genera and this avenue is rarely followed 
due to cost constraints and expected 
demand. If you can secure a plant, this 
is a most rewarding species to grow and 
one I am very happy to have in my 
collection. | 
David Banks 

Seven Hills, NSW 

Email: davidpbanks @veritel.com.au 


Send a stamped, 
self-addressed envelope for 
seedling and flask price list. 
PO Box 3525, Wamberal NSW 2260 


Phone: 0408 994 696 
Fax: 02 4384 4304 


RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA 
The major et blindness! 


If you have RP, or know someone who has, 
please contact the charity/support group 


RETINA AUSTRALIA 


FIGHTING BLINDNESS 


AOR 024 


For information and assistance phone 
1800 999 870 


www.retinaAustralia.com.au 


ANOS Mid North Coast 


Kempsey Speciosum 
Spectacular 


and 


Australian Orchid 
Species Show 


Saturday 1st to Monday 3rd September 
from 10.00am to 4.00pm 
57 Spooners Ave, Greenhills, via Kempsey 
further details 
email: jzi01935@bigpond.net.au 
phone: Ernie Baldwin 02 6585 9328 


DISTANCE EDUCATION 


HORTICULTURE, HOME VEGETABLE GROWING, 
CUT FLOWERS, PLANT BREEDING, TISSUE CULTURE, 
HERBS, PROPAGATION, HYDROPONICS, ROSES, 


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fest. 1979) 


23 


OrchidMate™ potting media for orchids 


by Murray Shergold and Ray Clement 


fter the orchid itself, the next most 

important component of orchid cul- 
ture is the medium on or in which the 
orchid grows. It is imperative that the root 
system is healthy if an orchid is to grow 
and flower well. Therefore the media in 
which the orchid is growing must be com- 
patible with the plant’s root system. The 
media must be able to support the plant, 
hold just enough moisture but remain aer- 
ated, maintain a low salinity level and a 
stable pH level. 

New South Wales nurserymen Ray 
Clement of Tinonee Orchids and Murray 
Shergold of Easy Orchids spent some time 
investigating the possibilities and conduct- 
ing trials to take us forward with a new 
approach to growing media. 

Over the years we have all seen sphag- 
num moss, perlite and peat/perlite mixes, 
quincan gravel, scoria, diatomite and other 
media introduced. All have a place but all 
fail at some point, or under certain growing 
conditions. Pine bark has been the growers 
favourite for some time now. However it 
has seemed inevitable that composted pine 
bark will decline in quality and increase in 
price until it loses its mantle as the orchid 


... are forever 


growers preferred growing media. Most of 
the trees grown for timber today are new 
varieties that are harvested younger with 
bark of a lesser quality than yesteryears. 
Being the by-product the growers are not 
about to start growing pine trees for orchid 
bark production. j 
The advent of inexpensive ungraded and 
unprepared coconut fibre as a cheap mulch 
has seen many orchid growers try to use 
these products as presented by chain stores 
as mulch for general garden plants. This 
has resulted in a range of results that is not 
consistent enough for the average hobbyist 
orchid grower or commercial grower. It 
also generally has very high salt and tannin 
content that takes many thorough washes 
to ensure it is safe to use on sensitive plants. 
Ray and Murray have worked to pro- 
duce a product that has the following basic 
features:- 
¢ pH within acceptable range. 
¢ EC. (salt) level in every batch is guar- 
anteed to be low enough not to harm 
growing plants. 
¢ Easy to prepare for use. 
¢ Presented in a compact, easy to carry 
and store form. 


Growers of quality species and hybrids 


Nursery opening to public 
Ist March 2007 9am-4pm 


Tuesday — Saturday. 


Internet stock list updated quarterly. 


Paper copies available on request. 


24 


e Inexpensive. 

¢ Long lasting. 

* Created as a by-product that is other- 
wise waste. 

¢ Compressed bales are economical to 
freight. 

Their recently launched product, 
OrchidMate™ , fulfils all of the above and 
more. In some areas of the world coconut 
fibre has been widely used for decades 
with success as a growing media. 
Therefore the challenge has been to under- 
stand what is different about coconut husk 
chip and just as we do with other media, 
grow to utilize its advantages and properly 
understand its differences. OrchidMate™ 
is a fresh product unlike bark which is 
mostly composted before the grower buys 
it. Thus plants growing in OrchidMate™ 
will benefit from regular applications of a 
balanced fertiliser, particularly a soluble 
product high in Calcium and Magnesium, 
such as Peters Excel. Nitrogen draw down 
peaks at 6-9 months usage and needs to be 
addressed through those months by the 
addition of extra nitrogen. 

OrchidMate™ is available graded into 
5 usable and distinct grades 


ARANBEEM 
ORCHIDS 


“The Orchid Centre of Australia” 


Mail Order Specialists Australia Wide 
Retail, Wholesale and Export 


FREE 
Regular Plant Listing 
Community Pot Listing 


Premier Selection and 
Imported Plant Listing 


All on request 


Priests Road (PO Box 96) 
Deception Bay, Brisbane, Qld 4508 
Ph (07) 3888 3637 Fax (07) 3888 5271 
Email: aranbeem@higpond.net.au 


Nursery Open: Wed-Sat — 9am-4pm 
Phone/Mail Orders: Mon-Sat — 9am-4pm 
Closed: Sun, Mon, Tues & Public Holidays 
Other times by appointment 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


General purpose 

for those orchids that love constant mois- 
ture and whose roots will not rot easily 
also for general garden plants. 


Small - 5-8mm 
for a few delicate orchids. 


Medium - 8-12mm 
graded for use in deflasking and with 
many fine rooted orchids. 


Large - 12-18mm 
the most commonly used size and suit- 
able for a wide range of orchid plants. 


Extra Large - 20-30mm 

suitable for large cattleyas, vandas, 
Dendrobium speciosum and other thick 
rooted epiphytes and lithophytes 


Ray and Murray have trialled many ver- 
sions of coconut fibre before arriving at 
the formula for OrchidMate™ which is 
sold with a guarantee of pH range (5.5 — 
6.5) and maximum E.C. (0.5). This takes 
orchid media buying to a new standard as 
even bark has not been offered previously 
to these standards. OrchidMate™ has been 
graded to size and all of the fines have 
been removed. This is important as 
coconut husk fibre holds more water than 
bark. Whilst this is good in times of 
drought and hot weather it also means that 
growers need more air to match the 
increase in water in the pot bought by the 


Cattleyas Online 


Quality exhibition cattleyas are our 
specialty. 


For a catalogue please phone, fax, or 
e-mail us as below. 


You can also visit us on the Internet at 
www.cattleyasonline.com.au 


Phone/Fax: 07 3388 0866 
Mail: PO Box 4612 
Loganholme 4129 


E-mail: info@cattleyasonline.com.au 


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World Wide SPECIES 


ORCHIDS Mail Order 
Flasks, Seedlings, Flowering size. 


Burleigh Park Orchid 


Nursery 
54 Hammond Way, Thuringowa, 
4815. Ph/Fax 0747 740 008 
Lists by mail or email: 
ian@speciesorchids.com 
www.speciesorchids.com 
Propagators of the Rare, Beautiful and 
Unusual Orchid Species of the World. 
Accredited CITES & Phyto Export 


AOR 013 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


coconut husk fibre for winter especially. 
The simple way to achieve this is to use 
OrchidMate™ , one size larger than you 
would bark for the same repotting job. 
This is especially important if your plants 
are exposed to the rain. 

Many articles have been written about 
coconut husk chips and one in particular 
that can be recommended is by Bob 
Wellenstein of the famous AnTec 
Laboratories in the USA. This can be read 
at www.ladyslipper.com/coco3.htm. This 
is a MUST_read. Wellenstein has con- 
ducted many trials and his report is com- 
prehensive to say the least. 

A key factor is that OrchidMate™ has 
much better lasting qualities due to its 
lignum content being five times that of 
bark. It is recommended that you soak 
OrchidMate™ overnight before use to 
avoid the need for excessive watering 


immediately after potting. Easy Orchids 
have large numbers of most genera grow- 
ing in OrchidMate™ and these plants will 
be offered for sale at shows right around 
Australia this coming show season. It has 
also been successfully been used as a 
medium for clivias, bromeliads and other 
foliage plants. 

The price of OrchidMate™ (currently at 
$10.50/compressed bale) is just a fraction 
of bark and it is long lasting, thus we 
believe a new era in orchid media is being 
ushered in by these two enterprising 
orchid growers from New South Wales. 


Murray Shergold 
Easy Orchids, Woodburn, NSW 
www.easyorchids.com 


Ray Clement 
Tinonee Orchids, Tinonee, NSW 
www.tinoneeorchids.com 


100% 


ORGANIC ORCHID 
GROWING MEDIUM 


PREMIUM GRADE 


COCONUT HUSK CHIPS 


SPECIALLY PREPARED FOR ORCHID GROWING 


friendly. 


are easy to re-wet. 


root system. 


For best results: 


ORCI 


EASY ORCHIDS 
(02) 6682 2635 


ORCHIPMATE coconut husk chips are an 

nic and totally natural byproduct of the 
coconut industry. 

ORCHIDMATE coconut husk chips have 
developed an exclusive preparation 
technique to present media best suited for 
orchid growing, Bromeliads, Clivias, etc 
ORCHIDMATE coconut husk chips are 100% 
natural, organic, renewable & environmentally 


ORCHIPMATE coconut husk chips have superior 
water holding capacity, while maintaining an 


ORCHIPMATE coconut husk chips protect plants ° 


excellent air filled porosity and the correct pH. -, 
Le 4 : 


& roots from extreme weather conditions in 
summer & winter & are suitable for all orchids. 


ORCHIPMATE coconut husk chips will not decompose like bark & 


Expand by soaking in water, drainand use. 


Coconut Husk Chips 
Exclusively 
supplied by: 


WATER 
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ORCHIPMATE coconut husk chips have stable and ideal ph & 
superior drainage qualities resulting in vigorous growth & strong 


Specification: 
E.C.Max 0.5 dS/m 
pH 5.5 - 6.5 


TINONEE ORCHIDS 
(02) 6553 1012 


25 


Western Australian Orchid 
Spectacular 2008 


ollowing the success of Western 

Australian Orchid Spectacular & 
Conference 2005, there have been calls to 
“do it all again’. So the Western Australian 
Regional Orchid Organisation has sanc- 
tioned the formation of a WAOS 2008 
Committee which is well and truly up and 
running. 

The two vital items to be decided before 
anything else could be achieved are the 
date and venue. The venue chosen for the 
WAOS 2008 is the Cannington Exhibition 
Centre on the corner of Albany Highway 
and Station Street, Cannington. This is 
next door to the Cannington Greyhound 
track for those who fancy a flutter on 
Saturday night. 

The venue consists of two halls, the 
large Exhibition Hall where the orchids 
will be displayed, and the smaller, adjacent 
Liddelow Pavilion, which has a ready 
made, well equipped lecture room. (A 
huge improvement on our last lecture 
room) 

There are a number of natural advan- 
tages to the Cannington Exhibition Centre, 
such as... 


Orchid | Species 


Specialising in species orchids 
with some hybrids 

Mail Order specialists 
Open by appointment only 
Bill and Jan Miles 


405 Main Street 
Kingston, Victoria 3364 


P 03 5345 6387 
F 03 5345 6303 
E miles@vic.chariot.net.au 


Props: 


AOR 041 


Website - 


AOR203 


26 


Valley Orchids 


Cymbidium Specialists 
Lot 8 Wheaton Road, McLaren Vale, S.A. 
Postal —- PO Box 143, McLaren Vale, South Australia, 5171 
Phone (08) 8327 3955 Fax (08) 8327 3966 Mobile 0419 823 724 

www.valleyorchids.com.au 


Check for lots of new photos & special offers — regularly updated, including 
exciting new seedlings, flowering for the first time 


Email - graham@valleyorchids.com.au 


Thousands of new release plants & older favourites available now — 
Flasks to flowering size & at sensible prices. Mail order service available 
** We can now send plants to Western Australia & Tasmania ** 


¢ Excellent situation on the very busy 
Albany Hwy. 

e Free parking spaces for about 380 cars 
when the spaces at the front and rear of 
the Exhibition Hall are combined. 

¢On numerous bus routes to and from 
Perth City. 

¢ Only 10km south of Perth City. 

e Within walking distance of railway sta- 
tions. 

eA ready made, modern, well equipped 
Lecture Room. 

¢ Fifteen minutes from Perth International 
Airport 

The Western Australian Orchid 

Spectacular 2008 will be held between the 

25th and 29th September 2008. This is also 

a long weekend with Monday the 29th 

being a public holiday giving the event 

three full non-working days for the public 
to attend as well as Friday the 26th. There 
are a number of other events happening 
that weekend too which would be of fur- 
ther interest for overseas and interstate vis- 
itors. The Perth Royal Show and the Kings 

Park Wildflower Week are on at the same 

time. 


Set up will be on Thursday the 25th in 
the Exhibition Hall and the event will be 
open to the public from Friday the 26th to 
Monday 29th September 2008. 

On another front, moves are being 
made to secure world class lecturers for 
the Conference from overseas and inter- 
state. The speakers who have confirmed 
their attendance so far are: Dr. Henry 
Oakeley of the UK — Roberto Agnes of 
Aranda Orquideas, Brazil — Dennis Kao 
of Ching Hua Orchids, Taiwan. More 
speakers will be added to this list shortly 
and you will be advised in future 
Bulletins. 

Plans are afoot to repeat the Orchid 
Tours of Perth and the Southwest. These 
received rave reviews by all the partici- 
pants in 2005. Again, there will be limited 
spaces, so book early! 

Details of Registration, Show Schedule, 
etc, will be passed on as they become 
available. 

We look forward to enjoying your com- 
pany in September 2008. So don’t miss 
out! Mark the date on your calendar. 

For further information please write to 
the Secretary, PO Box 4076, Alexander 


Heights, WA 6064, or email 
waos @iinet.net.au | 
Tony Watkinson 

Publicity, WAOS 2008 


“Nicky’s Slippers” 


One of the world’s leading Paph. breeders. 


Exciting new Paphs. and Phrags. 
now available. 


Contact us for a copy of our colour catalogue — 
send 3 x 50c stamps 


NICKY ZURCHER 


Box 326, Virginia, South Australia 5120 


Phone/Fax (08) 8380 9360 


AOR 039 


Cattleyas — Laelias etc 
Large Plants & Seedlings + Flasks 
Plant + Flasking List on request 


Phone: 02 6628 6356 

Fax: 02 6628 6856 

Email: jk.heindke@bigpond.com 
Mobile: 0417 021 789 

43 Davey Rd, URALBA NSW 2477 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


THIS & THAT 


Mothers’ Day 
Orchid Show 


he Aspley Orchid Society will conduct 

its Mothers’ Day Orchid Show at the 
Community Hall, Edinburgh Road, Wavell 
Heights on the weekend of 12-13 May 
2007. Doors will be open from 9.00am until 
4.00pm daily. Benching of plants will be 
between 2.00pm and 7.30pm on Friday 
11th May, 2007. 

Our Mothers’ Day Show is special in our 
Society’s calendar of events for we are able 
to give financial support to the Aspley 
Special School which does highly com- 
mendable work to help students to build up 
the necessary skills to fit into society. Any 
support which is given to us in making this 
show a success, flows on to a most worthy 
cause. 

A spectacular display of orchids in 
bloom will be presented in a wide variety of 
genera. Plants in flower from members and 
participating nurseries will be available for 
sale. Floral arrangements, especially for 
mother, have been extremely popular in 
past years. Potting demonstrations and cul- 
tural advice will be available from our more 
experienced members. The Aspley Special 
School will again mount a display of the 
children’s work. 


Hans Schaible 


www.darkstarorchids.com.au 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


Dark Star Orchids 


FLASKS, SEEDLINGS AND FLOWERING SIZE PLANTS 


Imported from top breeders in Germany, UK and Thailand 


African and Madagascan species Paphs, 
Lycastes, Vandaceous, Bulbophyllums and more 


RARE SPECIES AND SOME HYBRIDS 


PO Box 114 Bowraville NSW 2449 
Telephone/Fax (02) 6564 4088 
darkstarorchids@bordernet.com.au 


Hills District Orchids 


(Prop. David P. Banks) 


Spring Open Day Sunday 7 October 2007 


@183 Windsor Road Northmead 2152 NSW 
Yam til 4pm (please park in Mary Street or Windermere Avenue) 


Heaps of flowering orchids, rare species and unusual plants for sale, 
as well as a full range of orchid related supplies and new and 
exclusive Clivia minata seedlings in a full range of colours. 


Also attending: Tinonee Orchid Nursery, Macquarie Native Orchids and Miriam Ann Orchids 
Hosting Dark Star Orchids Open Day on Sunday 2nd December 2007 
Phone: David Banks on (02) 9674 4720 or 0412 123 036 


E-mail: davidpbanks@veritel.com.au 
Contact us by email to receive our FREE Orchid Information Newsletter 


We ask you to support us in our endeay- 
ours toward the Aspley Special School. 

Further information is available from Jan 
Patterson, (07) 3269 7537. | 


Victorian Country Orchid 
Clubs Challenge 


lans are well underway for the 8th 

Victorian Country Orchid Clubs 
Challenge to be hosted by the Ballarat 
Orchid Society and held in Ballarat July 
6th-7th-8th 2007. 

This year the 10 competiting clubs, 
(Stawell OS, Mid Murray and District OS, 
Bendigo OS, Ballarat OS, Sunraysia OS, 
Ararat OS, Warrnambool and District OS, 
Horsham and District OS and St Arnaud 
and District OS) will meet at the Eastwood 
Leisure / Sporting Complex Hall in 
Eastwood Street Ballarat (opp. City 
Safeway) for the challenge. 

The hall will be open for setting up 
Friday 6th July 9.00am-5.00pm. A spit 
roast evening meal commencing at 6.30pm 
(2 courses $13, open to the public) will be 
held at the same venue. Guest speaker for 
the evening will be Mr John Maloney from 
Cops & Kids. 

Saturday morning, whilst the plants are 
being judged, a guided bus tour of historic 


AOR 126 


Florafest rty ita 


PO Box 583 ~=— Bulimba 4171 
Phone O4 1219 2362 Fax O7 4630 1102 
www. florafest.com.au 
eMail: barry@florafest.com.au 


Oncidium Alliance 
3 9izes 

Flowering - Advanced - Compot Sizes 
Flowering Size Choose any 8 for $100 or 
15 for $180 or 25 for $275 or all 30 for $315 

Advanced 80mm Pot Size 8 for $75 or 
15 for $125 or 25 for $200 or all 30 for $225 
Mini Compots (8 plants) $25 - Maxi Compots 


(15 plants) $45 - Minimum Order $70 
All sent freight free within Australia 


8969 Aliceara Mervyn Grant ‘Talisman Cove! 

7604 Bakerara Truth ‘Silver Chalice’ AM AOS 
7629 Beallara Tropic Splendor ‘Golden Gate’ 

8926 Beallara Peggy Ruth Carpenter 'Morning Joy’ 
8928 Beallara Late Night 'Red' 

7648 Burrageara Jungle Moss ‘Rain Forest’ 

7627 Colmanara Wildcat ‘Lynx’ 


7682 Colmanara Wildcat 'Mutation' 

7685 Colmanara Wildcat 'Jaguar' 

8980 Colmanara Catatante 'Solar Flare! 

8970 Degarmoara Toy Soldier ‘Volcano Queen' 
7514 Lagerara Roman Emperor 'JEM' 

7633 Miltassia Aztec ‘Hildos’ 

7650 Miltonidium Hawaiian Sunset 'Carmela' 
8825 Miltonidium Midnight Moon ‘Santa Barbara’ 
8904 Miltonidium Issaku Nagata ‘Bright Day’ 
8951 Miltonidium Bartley Schwarz 'Big Bart! 
8909 Miltassia Shelob 'Webmaster' HCC/AOS 
8911 Miltassia Dennis Kleinbach ‘Crowhurst! AM 
8963 Miltonia Belle Glade "Everglades Waterfall" 
7694 Oncidium Carnival Costume 'Summer Sprite 
7692 Oncidium Sharry Baby 'Fantasy' 

8813 Oncidium Little Cherry 'Honjo' 

8846 Odontocidium Black Beauty 'Multi Spike’ 
8953 Odontonia Debutante ‘Fragrant Beauty' 
9000 Odontocidium Tiburon 'Sweet Fragrance' 
8966 Odontocidium Elske Stoltz ‘Spyhill’ JC AO 
9014 Odontobrassia Ken Biven ‘Golden Gate' 
8940 Vuylstekeara Monica 'Burnham' 

8838 Wilsonara Zoes Fire ‘Satan’ 


All Easy Growers (Tolerate extreme heat 
& cold) Prolific flowerers (2 to 3 times per year) 


We also have plenty of 
Other Oncidium Specials 
Check our Website for Coloured Pix 
This offer available till end of 2007 


(ur 2007 & Specials Catalogue Now Available 


Species - 
Masdevallia Special 


Flowering size @ $20.00 
Masd. davisii, rolfeana, ignea, maculata, 
fonocharis, tovarensis, veitchiana, infracta, 
Pyxsis, peristeria. 
Dryadella simula, Pleuro. restrepiodes 
All 12 for $200 post free, while stocks last. 


e 
Mt Beenak Orchids 
27 Hacketts Creek Rd, Three Bridges, Vic. 3797 
Ph/Fax (03) 5966 7253 
www. mtbeenakorchids.com.au 
Email: clivehalls@bigpond.com 


27 


THIS & THAT 


Ballarat including the Ex-prisoner of War 
Memorial will be available, $10pp. Bus will 
leave Eastwood Leisure / Sporting 
Complex at 9.15am (approx 1!/2 hrs). 

The Victorian Country Orchid Clubs 
Challenge will be open to the public 12 
noon-5.00pm. 

At the Saturday afternoon Seminar 
(2.00pm start) Mr Jose Portilla from 
Ecuagenera Orchids Ecuador, one of South 
America’s largest species orchid nurseries, 
will give a world class presentation on 
species orchids in South America. This 
promises to be a seminar not to be missed as 
Jose will only be speaking twice in Victoria 
on this trip to Australia ($5.00 entry). 

The Saturday night Dinner Raffle and 
Plant Auction will be held at the Buninyong 
Golf Club, Midlands Highway, Buninyong 
(Meal $25.00pp). Light entertainment for 
the night Maccas Musco (Black & White 
Minstrel Show). 

Sunday morning the now very popular 
“Walk around the Challenge with the 
Judges’ will commence at 9.30am, the rest 
of the day is free for you to admire the many 
varied entries and the very diverse Creative 
Displays in this the 8th Challenge. The 
challenge will close at 3.00pm. 

Commercial sellers Mt Beenak Orchids, 
Johnston’s Orchids and Sims Orchids will 
no doubt have several ‘Must Haves’ to 
entice the avid orchid grower to dig deep 
into their pockets. 

Light refreshments will be available at 
the venue, Entry $2.00pp. 

For more information phone Beryl] (03) 
5334 1137. Payment for meals and bus trip 
please forward to Secretary Ballarat Orchid 
_ Society P.O. Box 1814, Ballarat 3350 
before 22nd June 2007. 

Once again the Victorian Country Orchid 
Clubs Challenge promises to be a very 
enjoyable weekend and I look forward to 
seeing you there. @ 

John Welsh, Chairperson 


Brisbane Orchid Society — 
34th Charity Show 


he Brisbane Orchids Society is con- 

ducting its 34th Charity Orchid Show 
on 21 and 22 April 2007 at Mt Gravatt 
Showgrounds. 

The society supports the Pre-School 
Association for the Education of Deaf 
Children at Yeerongpilly, Brisbane. 

The non-profit society has been able to 
donate in excess of $66,000 from previous 
shows. 

A spectacular display of orchids in 
bloom will be presented in a wide variety of 
genera, plants in flower, books and orchid 
accessories will be for sale at very reason- 
able prices. A feature of the show will be 
potting demonstrations with expert advice 


28 


being available from expert growers within 
the society. 

Lunch and morning and afternoon teas 
may also be purchased. Admission will be 
only $3.00. | 


Manning River Orchid 
Society 50th Anniversary 


he Manning River Orchid Society will 

be holding an orchid show in August to 
celebrate 50 years of orchid growing in the 
Manning River area. 

The 50th Anniversary Show (sponsored 
by Hickmans Nursery of Kolodong) will be 
held from 24 to 26 August 2007 at the 
Saxby Basketball Stadium, Bligh Street, 
Taree. 

The show will be open to the public from 
9.00am to 4.00pm Friday and Saturday, 
closing at 3.00pm on Sunday. The official 
opening will be on Friday 24 August at 
10.00am. 

A number of orchid vendors and local 
area societies have indicated their atten- 
dance. Set up and judging will take place on 
Thursday 23 August. | 


The Southport and 
Districts Orchid Society 
“Orchid Festival and 
Trade Fair” 


he Southport and Districts Orchid 

Society in conjunction with the Oasis 
Shopping Centre held its second ‘Orchid 
Festival and Trade Fair’ on the 17th and 
18th of March 2007 at the Oasis Shopping 
Centre on the Gold Coast and what a festi- 
val and trade fair it was. 

With 21 traders, six local society display 
stands, and a benched judged show it was 
like being in orchid heaven. Well at least 
Bill Brown from the Tweed District 
Orchid society thought so after he scooped 
the pool with a majority of the show 
classes including his Grand Champion 
Dendrobium Genting, congratulations 
Bill. 

A special congratulation to Hans and 
Margaret Donker on winning the 
Champion Novice with their Vanda Udon 
Csia x Ascocenda Yip Sum Wah. It makes 
a show worth while when you see two 
enthusiastic novice growers like Hans and 
Margaret win this award. 

This trade fair and orchid show is now 
the largest of its kind held in Queensland, 
and it was pleasing to get the support from 
the greater Brisbane and Northern NSW 
areas, including buses coming from as far 
north as the Sunshine Coast and as far 
south as Ballina. The Oasis shopping cen- 
tre management have indicated that there 
was an increase of 30% in trade compared 


with this time last year so they want next 
years show to be even bigger and better. 
Our thanks go to all those who supported 
the show and one of the best quotes I heard 
from the show was from the young lady 
security guard who said “This was one of 
my most enjoyable nights at work as all I 
did was walk around and admire these 
amazing flowers’. | 
Tom Rivett, President 

Southport & Districts Orchid Society Inc. 
Email: tom@precastsolutions.com.au 


Western Suburbs Orchid 
Society (NSW): 
70 years strong 


his year 2007 will mark the 70th 

Anniversary of Western Suburbs 
Orchid Society in New South Wales. This 
landmark anniversary makes Western 
Suburbs Orchid Society one of the oldest 
in Australia. 

Western Suburbs Orchid Society is a 
friendly club that caters to all types of 
orchid growers and includes amongst its 
number many fine growers. The club 
boasts a strong membership of orchid 
judges and new members are often 
astounded by the depth of knowledge and 
the friendliness of this society. 

The club holds regular social events 
throughout the year. A popular highlight is 
the annual Orchid Crawl, where members 
generously open their homes to other club 
members for a day. It’s a great way to see 
how other people grow their orchids and 
perhaps pick up a new idea or two along 
the way. Benching is a high point of all 
club meetings with over 100 plants regu- 
larly shown. The quality of plants at any 
meeting is fantastic. 

The club is planning a number of func- 
tions during 2007 to mark this historic 
70th anniversary and is very keen to hear 
from any previous members who may 
have memorabilia or photos to assist with 
compiling a complete history of the club. 
The club is currently under the presidency 
of Ruth Mitchell. Ruth has been a member 
of WSOS for 12 years and will lead the 
club through its 2007 anniversary events. 
WSOS meets monthly on the third 
Monday of every month in the Uniting 
Church Hall in Carrington Avenue, 
Strathfield, Sydney at 7.45pm. If you have 
been a member of WSOS in the past or 
would like to be a member now, you can 
contact the club through its email address 
at wsorchidsociety @yahoo.com or visit its 
website at www.wsosaustralia.com. For 
further information please contact Ruth 
Mitchell or Arthur Midgley by writing to 
PO Box 543, Enfield 2136. | 

Peter Meyer 
Email: sales@orchidtrays.com.au 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


o = 


Vinnie Dinh of North Balwyn won the coveted Victorian Orchid of the Year Trophy for 2006 with Cymbidium Olive Street ‘Dinh’ AM-CC/OSCOV, which 
was also Victorian Cymbidium of the Year. Photo: V. 


Dinh. 


> 


Victorian Orchids of the Year 2006 


he Orchid Societies Council of 
Victoria (OSCOV) introduced the 
Victorian Orchids of the Year competition 
in 1992. Photographs of all orchids that 
have received OSCOV awards in the cur- 
rent year are considered, together with any 
others submitted by Victorian growers. 
Success in this competition relies not only 
on growing an orchid of award quality but 
also on taking photographs of a similar 
standard. As a consequence, those orchids 
with the highest awards do not necessarily 
win this competition. Ninety-five OSCOV 
awards were granted in 2006 (7 Awards of 
Merit, 62 Highly Commended Certificates, 
6 Awards of Distinction, 19 Cultural 
Certificates, and one Award of Quality). 
Several awards recommended during the 
year were not ratified, either because they 
were for unregistered hybrids or because 
their owners failed to provide the necessary 
photographs. The OSCOV Judging Panel 
met in February 2007, first to select the 
winners in the various categories and then 
to decide the overall winner. The results of 
their adjudications are as follows: 
Victorian Orchid of the Year for 2006 
(sponsored by OSCOV) was Cymbidium 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


Olive Street ‘Dinh’ AM-CC/OSCOV, 
grown by Vinnie Dinh of North Balwyn 
(Melbourne). This striking miniature cym- 
bidium was also the Victorian Cymbidium 
Hybrid of the Year (sponsored by the 
Cymbidium Orchid Society of Victoria) 
and the Victorian Cultural Certificate of 
the Year (sponsored by OSCOV). Vinnie 
will receive OSCOV Gold and Silver 
Medallions, the OSCOV Perpetual Trophy 
(an original Syd Monkhouse painting of 
Rossioglossum grande), and a large 
framed photographic print of his orchid. 
Vinnie will also receive the OSCOV-spon- 
sored Gunter Haar Memorial Trophy for 
winning the Victorian Cultural Certificate 
of the Year. All trophies will be presented 
at a dinner to be held in conjunction with 
the OSCOV Show at Collectors’ Corner in 
August. The winners of all other cate- 
gories will also receive framed photo- 
graphic prints of their orchids and OSCOV 
medallions at this dinner. 

The Victorian Native Orchid Species of 
the Year (sponsored by the Yarra Valley 
Orchid Society) was the line-bred interva- 
rietal Dendrobium speciosum ‘Barry’ 
HCC-CC/OSCOV, grown by Barry and 


Beattie Kahn of Johnsonville (eastern 
Victoria). Sarcochilus George Colthup 
‘Sweet Water’ HCC/OSCOV, grown by 
Ann Murphy and Keith Moss of Frankston 
South, was Victorian Native Orchid 
Hybrid of the Year (sponsored by the 
Mornington Peninsula Orchid Society). 
Another cultivar of the same grex, that was 
originally made and registered by David 
Banks, was Victorian Native Orchid 
Hybrid of the Year in 2001. 

The Victorian Cattleya of the Year 
(sponsored by the Mid-Murray Orchid 
Club) was Sophrocattleya Royal Beau ‘Jo- 
Ann’ HCC/OSCOV, grown by Marilyn 
and Barry Larkin of Cranbourne South, an 
outer suburb of Melbourne. Victorian 
Paphiopedilum Species of the Year was 
Paphiopedilum haynaldianum ‘Hi-Five’ 
HCC/OSCOV (sponsored by the Stawell 
Orchid Society), grown by Dieter Weise of 
Wantirna, another Melbourne suburb. This 
is a species from the Philippines. Andrew 
Francis and John Martin of Castle Creek 
Orchids (Merrigum) won the Victorian 
Paphiopedilum Hybrid of the Year (spon- — 
sored by the Ballarat Orchid Society) with 
Paphiopedilum Fire Fighter ‘Castle 


29 


é 


¥ 


Above: Cymbidium Olive Street ‘Dinh’ AM-CC/OSCOV also won the prestigious Gunter Haar Above: Marilyn and Barry Larkin were win- 

Memorial Trophy for the Victorian Cultural Certificate of the Year. It was the best of 19 entries. ners of the Victorian Cattleya of the Year cate- 

Grower and photographer: V. Dinh. gory with Sophrocattleya Royal Beau ‘Jo-Ann’ 
HCC/OSCOV. Photo: Barry Larkin. 


Left: Dendrobium spe- 
ciosum ‘Barry’ HCC- 
CC/OSCOV, grown by 
Barry and Beattie Kahn 
of Johnsonville, was 
winner in the Victorian 
Native Orchid Species 
of the Year category. 
Photo: J.N. Williams. 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


Right: Clive and Agi Halls’ Masdevallia Pinwheel 
‘Beenak’ HCC/OSCOV was chosen from a field of eight 
awarded masdevallias as Victorian Masdevallia of the 
Year. Photos: Clive Halls. 


Below: Sarcochilus George Colthup ‘Sweet 
Water’ HCC/OSCOV, grown by Ann Murphy 
and Keith Moss, was Victorian Native Orchid 
Hybrid of the Year. Photo: Stephen Early. 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


Paphiopedilum haynaldianum ‘Hi-Five’ HCC/OSCOV, grown by Dieter Weise, was Victorian Paphiopedilum Species of the Year. Photos: D. Weise. 


Paphiopedilum Fire Fighter ‘Castle Creek’ HCC/OSCOV, grown by Andrew Francis and John Martin, was chosen from 13 
awarded slippers as Victorian Paphiopedilum Hybrid of the Year. Photo: J. Martin. 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


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The publishers of the Australian Orchid 
Review are pleased to offer readers popular 
Orchid books at special discount prices. 


New titles will be added to the list when 
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Just select the book(s) you require and fill 
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COOL FLOWERING 
ORCHIDS THROUGHOUT 


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by Ross Macdonald 


Ross Macdonald is a highly respected orchid 
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ROSS MACDONALD 


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ORCHIDS 


Cultivation, Propagation 
and Varieties 


by David P. Banks 


“Orchids” is an irresistible volume for all orchid 
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Cultivation, 
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As detailed as it is diverse, “Orchids” explains 
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INTRODUCING 


CATILEYAS 
Noni J. Mammatt 


Noni Mammatt's fascination with the 
Cattleya Alliance, their most beautiful 
blooms and extensive range of colour 
combinations, has prompted Noni to 
share the results of her own trials in suc- 
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of this most beautiful genus under shade- 
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result of her writing some new growers, as 
well as the experienced growers of other 
orchid genera, may be encouraged to 
introduce the Cattleya Alliance into their 
collections. 


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THE WORLD 


OF ORCHIDS - 2 


The World of Orchids - 2 has been written by 
members and friends of the North Shore Orchid 
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environs, and we are indebted to those people 
for their time and effort. 


The worl Id ati 


It has been produced to cover a large range of 
genera to help not only the novice, but also the 
experienced grower in their present fields of 
interest, and to tempt and encourage them to try 
other genera. 


It should be pointed out that the methods of cul- 
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should try any changes to their own culture 
gradually and on a few plants first, as 


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LYCASTE ORCHIDS - 
Cultivation and 
Hybridisation 

A.F.W. Alcorn 


lycaste orchids are easy to grow, and they 
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A. FE W. Alcorn 


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| IN YOUR GARDEN 
by Robert Friend 


Just about wherever you live in the world, 
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Stowe Orchids 
IN YOUR GARDEN 


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WHAT ORCHID IS 


THAT? 
Edited by Alec Pridgeon 


The orchid is one of the most passionately 
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What 


Orchid 


ls That? | 


This book will delight everyone, from the 
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1100 species common in cultivation, pre- 
sented by an international team of experts. 


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The alphabetical section, “Orchids A-Z”, includes descriptions, names and synonyms, 
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GROWING 
PHALAENOPSIS 
AT HOME 

James Neal 


This book is essential reading and reference 
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grow, Phalaenopsis. 


GROWING 
PHALAENOPSIS 


Jim, in a simple and easily understood style, 
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Explanations of the way Phalaenopsis are 
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The colour photography illustrates beautifully 
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A Guide to Selection 


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Allison and Mark Webb 


“Orchids for Beginners” is for those just 
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SARCOCHILUS ORCHIDS 


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Walter T. Upton 


Sarcochilus Orchids of Australia is the first | 
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Hybridising, including intergenerics, is dealt with in detail - most registered hybrids 
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AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW 
PO BOX 26 

SEVEN HILLS 

NSW 1730 AUSTRALIA 


Phalaenopsis Sogo Yukidian ‘Banyena’ HCC/OSCOV won the Victorian Any Other Hybrid category for Michael and Bernadette Matthews. Photo: 


Michael Matthews. 


The Victorian Other Orchid Species of the 
Year, grown by Alan and Jeane Etherton, 
was Bollea coelestis ‘Jeane’ HCC- 
CC/OSCOV. Photo: Barry Larkin. 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 33 


Right: The Victorian Award of Distinction of the 
Year went to the striking Phalaenopsis Brother 
Dalmation ‘Banyena’ AD/OSCOV, grown by 
Michael and Bernadette Matthews. Photo: M. 
Matthews. 


Creek’ HCC/OSCOV. Victorian 
Masdevallia of the Year (sponsored by the 
Warrnambool and District Orchid Society) 
was Masdevallia Pinwheel ‘Beenak’ 
AM/OSCOV, grown by Clive and Agi 
Halls of Mount Beenak Orchids. 

Alan and Jean Etherton of Wendouree 
(near Ballarat) won the Victorian Other 
Species Orchid of the Year (sponsored by 
the Orchid Species Society of Victoria) 
with a marvellous specimen plant of 
Bollea coelestis ‘Jeane’ HCC- 
CC/OSCOV. Victorian Any Other Hybrid 
of the Year (sponsored by the North-East 
Melbourne Orchid Society) was 
Phalaenopsis Sogo Yukidian “Banyena’ 
HCC-CC/OSCOYV, grown by Michael and 
Bernadette Matthews of Rupanyup (west- 
em Victoria). The Victorian 
Odontoglossum of the Year (sponsored by 
the Bendigo Orchid Club) was Wilsonara 


34 


Atunga Terrace ‘Cardinal’ HCC/OSCOV, 
grown by Frances and Julian Coker of 
Atlantis Orchids (South Warrandyte), fre- 
quent winners of this category. 

’ Michael and Bernadette Matthews of 
Rupanyup also won the Victorian Award 
of Distinction of the Year (sponsored by 
Melbourne Western Orchid Society) with 
Phalaenopsis Brother Dalmation 
‘Banyena’ AD/OSCOV. The Victorian 
Seedling of the Year (sponsored by 
Atlantis Orchids as the Harold and 
Florence Coker Award), chosen from 19 
entries, was Paphiopedilum Fumi’s 
Delight ‘Grand Slam’ AM/OSCOV, 
grown by Marilyn and Barry Larkin. 
Another cultivar of this grex (‘Castle 
Creek’) was Victorian Orchid of the Year 
for 2005. Finally, Chris Pegg of Traralgon 
won the Victorian Award of Quality of the 
Year (sponsored by the Ringwood Orchid 


Left: Victorian Odontoglossum of the Year was 
Wilsonara Atunga Terrace ‘Cardinal’ HCC/OSCOV. 
Growers: Frances and Julian Coker of Atlantis 
Orchids. Photo: J. Coker. 


Society) with a group of Dendrobium 
Australian Goldrush seedlings _ that 
included Dendrobium Australian 
Goldrush ‘Angus’ HCC/OSCOV. 

Growers from country Victoria have 
dominated the competition in recent years 
but the city dwellers did a little better in 
2006, winning half of the 14 categories. Of 
course the city slickers had an advantage, 
not being subject to the same stringent 
water restrictions then as were many coun- 
try growers. The 2007 competition, when 
all Victorians may be on an equal footing, 
could well tell a different story! 

I thank the OSCOV Awards Secretary, 
Stephen Early, for providing the digital 
scans of the photographs used in this 
article. 

Brian Milligan 
OSCOV Liaison Officer 
Balwyn North, Victoria 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


Paphiopedilum Fumi’s Delight ‘Grand Slam’ AM/OSCOV, grown by Marilyn and Barry Larkin, was Victorian Seedling of the Year. The cultivar ‘Castle 
Creek’ was Victorian Orchid of the Year in 2005. Photo: B. Larkin. 


Chris Pegg won the Award of Quality of the Year with a group of Dendrobium Australian Goldrush seedlings bred by David Butler of Green Vista Orchids 
that included Dendrobium Australian Goldrush ‘Angus’ HCC/OSCOV. Photo: C. Pegg. 


en 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


CULTURAL NOTES 


Australian Natives 


Late autumn is a busy time on the native 
orchid scene. There are quite a lot of species 
and hybrids in bloom now and some shows 
where you can see them. Along with the bold 
and showy D. bigibbum and its relatives 
there are a number of diminutive species 
such as Bulbophyllum schillerianum, B. 
exiguum, Dendrobium schneiderae and the 
smelly Liparis species also in bloom. These 
might not have the attention-grabbing char- 
acteristics of the larger blooms but they are 
very beautiful and well worth a close look if 
you get the chance. They show the amazing 
variety of Australian native orchids. 

These months also see the first blooms of 
terrestrial species such as Corybas, 
Acianthus and Pterostylis for the year. These 
extraordinary natives are a field of interest in 
themselves and are often overlooked by 
growers as they have very different require- 
ments to the natives of epiphytic origin. Give 
them a try if you are looking for something 
out of the ordinary. Some species are quite 
easy to grow and maintain from year to year 
and many have been in cultivation for 
decades. Get advice from experienced grow- 
ers before purchasing tubers. 

At home it is time to get ready for winter. 
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knowing your local conditions and what to 
expect in the way of temperature range, frost 
and wind. You also need to know something 
about the conditions where the parents of 
your natives originated. This is becoming 
less important as the hybrids develop, but 
you still need to know the minimum they 
need to survive and be sure your housing 
offers this and some as you want them not to 
merely survive but to thrive. Note also that 
some natives need to be exposed to a mini- 
mum temperature before they will bloom. 
Dendrobium falcorostrum is an example. 

Sealed housing and heating will be neces- 
sary for growers in some areas to keep even 
cool growing plants alive while those on the 
coast can get away with some plants of trop- 
ical origin and no heating at all. Heated 
houses should have been thoroughly checked 
by now and damaged panels and vents that 
don’t seal fixed. Be sure the heater is work- 
ing. Tubs of water will help maintain humid- 
ity levels appropriate for the plants you grow 
as heaters dry the air. It is also a great way to 
store water and create a heat bank to reduce 
heating costs. Winter sun will heat the house 
and reduce heating bills but be sure plants 
aren’t going to get scorched, particularly 
under clear glass. The amount of heating you 
need depends entirely on what plants you 
grow and where you live. 


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Continue the cleaning of the growing area 
and plants. Watch as the racemes of spring 
blooming plants develop and make sure they 
don’t get tangled in leaves and things. 
Remove all dead leaves and pseudobulbs 
from plants now but don’t remove pseudob- 
ulbs just because they are leafless. Check to 
see that they have dried out first as many 
natives continue to bloom from leafless 
growths. Dendrobium gracilicaule is a good 
example. 

Have a look for any changes in your grow- 
ing area. Things such as trees being removed 
let in more light, which is great in winter, but 
may also expose your plants to cold that has- 
n’t happened before. Cold winds may also 
get to the plants. Large trees that have grown 
might block out that valuable winter sun. 

Lack of water seems to be a continuing 
concern although the long-term weather 
reports offer hope of good rain soon. If this 
happens it would be more of an opportunity 
to store water rather than an escape from the 
situation. Move your watering time to morn- 
ing now so plants get a chance to dry out 
before the cold of night and, hopefully, you 
will not get damage from the cold. They may 
also need less water so cut it back a day or so 
if appropriate. 

This is not a good time for repotting in 
cooler areas as root growth slows with the 


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ORCHID SPECIAL A (Yellow 
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Applied at initiation of flower spikes and continued 

through to the end of flowering. The high phosphorus 

and potassium and the low nitrogen content stimulates 
flowering and ensures a better bloom. 


ORCHID SPECIAL B (Blue 
Compound) 30.4.8 


For established plants, applied at completion of 

flowering through to initiation of flower spikes. Young 

and developing orchids should be fed regularly the 

whole year. The high nitrogen stimulates plant growth 

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The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


: CULTURAL NOTES 


arrival of cooler weather. Any plants repot- 
ted now will not be able to spread their roots 
through the new media and will be at risk of 
root rots. Only repot emergency cases now: 
those plants that are obviously in trouble as 
summer growth was weak or lost. Don’t 
worry about severely potbound orchids. 
They should have finished growing for the 
year and will probably bloom well as a result 
of the cramped conditions. Deflasking is OK 
if you have flasks that look as if they will not 
make it to spring due to over-crowding or 
lack of media. At this time of year there is 
less chance of the plants dehydrating, but 
keep them in a protected place over winter. 
They will benefit from some heat as well 
once the cold nights set in. 

There is plenty to get on with at this time 
of year, so enjoy the warm days and your 
natives. 


Cattleyas 


Cattleyas and other allied genera don’t 
seem to be as energetic this year. Mine seem 
to want a rocket under them. A few other 
growers I know have encounted the same 
problem. Maybe a few applications of a 
higher nitrogen fertiliser and a course of 
SUPERTHRIVE® added to it. Roots seem to 
be OK, but growths not so vigorous. 


When plants are starting to dry — water 
thoroughly. Fertilise weekly. Check plants 
for scale. If plants are overgrown you may 
wish to divide into your plant and pot in your 
favourite mix. Some of the laelias are cer- 
tainly moving very well. It seems we will get 
a nice autumn display. Watch for grasshop- 
pers as they seem to like them. | 


Cymbidiums 

Cymbidiums are still developing their 
new growths and maturing their bulbs for the 
flowering season that is just around the cor- 
ner. Some of the ultra earlies have now left 
their sheafs, while others are just starting to 
push up their new spikes. Last week while 
weeding I noticed many new spikes pushing 
up through the growing media. Now is the 
time to clean up old husks etc before the 
spikes get too long. They harbour snails and 
weeds. If you wish you can top dress with 
some ORGANIC LIFE® pellets to give your 
plants a bit of a push. You could also top 
dress with some good old fashion blood and 
bone mixed with some sulphate of potash. 
The ratio would be about three to one of 
potash. Some growers have had excellent 
results by top dressing during autumn with a 
little NITROPHOSKA BLUE®. While talk- 
ing about fertilising and if you are in to foliar 


fertilising you should fertilise with one of the 
following: PETERS EXCEL Hi “K” or 
PETERS BLOSSOM BOOSTER or 
MERRI-FERT. Fertilise weekly at label 
rates. 

Watering should only be carried out only 
when plants just start to dry. 

With the advent of our rain in the Sydney 
region one will have to be very careful with 
your watering. The rain could set off fungi to 
produce root and bulb rots. Glomerella spp 
could also be a problem. For insurance it 
would be wise to give plants a drench with 
AGRI-FOS 600®, ANTI-ROT® or FON- 
GARID®. Use at label rate, and give plants a 
repeat application every ten days while the 
rainy weather is around. The above fungi- 
cides can be used even when it is raining. 
Remember use a wetter with the above 
sprays. Blackspot could be a problem. You 
could use MANCOZEB or ZINEB or even 
ECO-CARB®. Check for spider mites under 
the leaves. Most hobby growers use ECO- 
OIL® these days. 

Start to clean up the flowering area. Get 
rid of weeds and old dead leaves. Spread 
plants out to let light into flowering plants. 
Start to stake up developing spikes. 

Now is the time to start potting on small 
seedlings. After potting fertilise with an 
organic fertiliser such as MAJOR CARP® 


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The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


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Advanced growing, flasking, history, taxonomy and orchid biographies. 
Orchid hunting and orchid explorers. What to buy, where to buy it and how to grow it . 
The Orchid Review — 6 issues per year, starting January (ISSN 0030-4476) 
If a subscription is taken out during the year, back issues of that volume will be sent. 
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37 


Western Orchids 
Laboratories 


Suppliers of Tissue Culture Media for 
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As a pharmaceutical chemist I have devel- 
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Our media is freshly made up and comes as 
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Our media produces rapid germination, well 
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When ordering please advise re: orchid 
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51 to 100 litres 
Over 100 litres 
For cloning media add 55c/L 
Prices include packing and postage; Express 
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Hormone Keiki Paste in 3ml tubes for stem 
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A selection of cascading Intermediates 
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Aust terrestrials and some exotics 

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38 


CULTURAL NOTES 


and alternate with MERRI-FERT or 
PETERS GENERAL PURPOSE plus — 
don’t forget the SUPERTHRIVE®! Now is 
the time to push the littlies along before win- 
ter. | 


Paphiopedilum 

The days are drawing in, the weather is 
cooler and the buds are beginning to appear 
in quantity in the Paphiopedilum collection. 

Regular — but not too frequent — watering 
and fertilising should be continued as before. 
The idea is to prevent the plants from drying 
out whilst avoiding an almost sodden condi- 
tion. Fortunately the open nature of bark 
mixtures allows a fair degree of latitude with 
watering, but the potting material is breaking 
down by now and it will hold moisture for 
longer than it did when fresh. All watering 
should, by now, be done as early in the day 
as practicable. Avoid, if possible, watering 
when the weather is wet — even in the 
glasshouse. 

Shading should be reduced for the winter; 
this is best done shortly after Anzac Day. 

As a_ general rule the white 
Paphiopedilums begin to flower around late 
April, followed by the greens, the reds, the 
autumn shades and finally the spotted vari- 
eties late in the season. Modern hybrids, with 


their very mixed ancestry, often depart radi- 
cally from this rule. Many whites, inciden- 
tally, do not do well under cold conditions. 
If you grow Paphiopedilums for the show 
bench it is important to avoid crooked or 
asymmetrical flowers. This is best done by 
keeping the stems upright and in good light 
from the beginning. Keep an eye out for buds 
caught under leaves and take the appropriate 
action. Whilst the growing stems are too soft 
to stake within about 50cm of the bud, they 
can be staked when they are somewhat 
longer than this. Staking is seldom necessary 
if the emerging buds are kept in good, even 
light. It is a good idea to shift plants, as buds 
are found, to a bright, evenly lit spot where 
they can be well spaced and, preferably, 
faced to the north. This area should be well 
baited for snails and slugs, which seldom 
damage Paph. plants but have no such com- 
punction concerning the buds and flowers. 
A good Paphiopedilum is more likely to 
catch the judge’s eye if the flower looks at him 
rather than at the floor. You can train the 
flower to look slightly upward by allowing it 
to open with the stem leaning foreward about 
fifteen degrees or so. The pot should be put in 
this position when the bud is about to open 
and kept there for about a week after the 
flower has fully opened. The bud and stem 
must always be vertical when viewed from the 


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The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


CULTURAL NOTES 
front, otherwise the lip will lean to one side. Upda te your Ff ecor als goog 


I do not advocate any kind of manipula- 
tion using cardboard, tissues, paper clips or 
the like. This invariably produces an unnat- 


ural looking flower which an experienced Australian 
judge can spot at a glance. | ) 
Phalaenopsis . 

Phalaenopsis still seem to have scale and . 
mealy bug problems, no matter where one ~ 1 
lives! Some growers have been trying for Review 
years to eliminate them! Once in we seem to 
have them for years. LEBAYCID® seems to Weta has moved 
work over a period of time. Maybe alternate 


with ECO-OIL®. Be careful if the weather is 


hot! You have been warned. The publishers of Australian Orchid Review 

| Bacterial spots seem to pop up every now have relocated to new premises at 
and then. Back in the old days, the growers Unit 3, 13 Stanton Road, Seven Hills. 
then used Condy’s Crystals with great Please address all mail to: 
results. Back in those days they used 15 PO Box 26 Seven Hills, NSW 1730 Australia 
grams in 300 litres of water which gave them Ph 02 9620 4143 
50ppm. 

Plants need a reasonable amount of fer- Fe : 02 9620 4102 e 

tiliser during this late summer period. Some Email aor@agencygraphicworld.com.au 
growers who like to mix their own make up 
a mix of 1.3 grams calcium nitrate add 0.84 The only change is the address . . . Australian Orchid Review continues to be the same 
potassium nitrate per one litre of water. excellent publication it has always been — full of brilliantly illustrated and informative arti- 
Drench weekly during March. If plants look cles, news and views, profiles and plants, cultural notes, shows and show results, book 
a bit on the yellow side, drench with MAJOR reviews, features on those special orchids, specialist advertisers, future events, still pro- 
CARP weekly. duced by the same people, and much, much more.... 


LATE NOTE: News just came to hand, 
some growers have used Condy’s Crystals 
by making up a stock solution of 10 grams in 
20 litres of water, then put this solution 
through a 16-1 Hozon. a 


Vandaceous 


Watering:— Don’t allow to dry out. If 
orchids are in teak baskets or in pots without 
potting mix, then water thoroughly every 
morning. In hot dry conditions, a later after- 
noon misting is also beneficial. If orchids are 
in potting mix then watering every second 
day will probably be sufficient with a mist- 
ing on alternate days. 

Light:— Strap leaf vandas, ascocendas and 
other genera with wide leaves require 50% to 
70% shade. Semi-terete and other narrow 
leaf types require less. 

Fertiliser:— Continue as for Feb/March. 
Fertilise weekly, alternating over a four 
weekly cycle as follows — 
Wk. 1. Inorganic low nitrogen —- Campbells | Si 
A. Flowfeed HP8 or Aqua-K. 
Wk. 2. Wuzall Foliar or similar. 


Wk. 3. Inorganic low nitrogen — as for 
Wk. 1. 


Wk. 4. Organic — Fish Emulsion or Nitrosol. 


Let your orchids 


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The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 39 


We grow Asco’s, 

Cattleyas, Dendrobiums, 

Oncid Alliance, Sarcs, 

Species, Paphs and 

many other genera. " 

Web: www.rosellaorchids.com.au 
E-mail: allan@rosellaorchids.com.au 
Phone: 02 6629 1440 
Hours: By appointment only 
Send SAE for listing: PO Box 293, 
Clunes, NSW 2480 


K & H ORCHIDS 
Paphiopedilums 


Well grown seedlings species and hybrids 
70mm pots 
Phalaenopsis 


Well grown seedlings species and hybrids 
80mm pots to flowering size 120mm pots 


Phone, write or email for current listing 


K & H Orchids 


PO Box 308, 
Beenleigh, Qld. 4207 


Ph: (07) 3287 2343 
Email: ksma8143@bigpond.net.au 


Australian 


rchid 


Review 


WELCOMES 
EDITORIAL 
CONTRIBUTIONS 


Please ensure that all slides, 
photographs and electronic 
files are clearly marked 
with the author’s 
name and address 


Address editorial to: 
The Editor 
David P. Banks 
Australian Orchid Review 
PO Box 26 Seven Hills 
NSW 1730 AUSTRALIA 


Email: 
davidpbanks@veritel.com.au 


40 


Vale 


Lou Sasso, OAM 
1905 - 2007 


orn in Southern Italy, Lou 

Sasso migrated to Australia 
in 1924 as a nineteen year old 
who spoke no English. It would 
be fifty years before he returned 
to Italy again, but during that 
time Lou developed a love of 
orchids and of being part of the 
world-wide orchid fraternity. 

Lou travelled extensively and 
as an international orchid judge 
was invited to judge at major 
orchid shows and conferences 
around the world. 

He was an excellent orchid 
grower and exhibited success- 
fully both here and overseas. In 
the early post-war years Lou 
staged magnificent displays at 
orchid shows in Sydney Town Hall and elsewhere. He won the Sanders Cup, 
a huge sterling silver bowl, on fourteen consecutive occasions, together with 
many gold medals. 

But as well as being fiercely competitive, Lou also put much effort into help- 
ing the orchid societies. Over the years he was president of several societies, 
including the OSNSW for two terms, and patron of others. Even in his late 
nineties he regularly attended monthly meetings and helped in judging the 
orchids on display. He was instrumental in creating a large glass-house at the 
Blind School in Sydney and stocking it with orchids. 

Lou was active in the exporting of orchid flowers and one of the first to be 
involved in this industry. 

In the Australia Day Awards of 1986 Lou received the Order of Australia 
Medal for achievements in the orchid world and service to the community. 

In later times his orchid collection contracted in size but Lou was still active 
until comparatively recently, especially in growing his beloved Paphs. 

In the world of orchids Lou Sasso was truly a legend in his own time and his 
many friends will miss him greatly. P| 

OSNSW Honorary Secretary 
PO Box 5396, Chullora NSW 2190 


A) 


Following the successful tour last 
August, plans are underway for two 
further tours during July/August 2007. 


For further information please phone 
or email: 
Phil Spence 02 4384 4352 


Geoff Stocker 07 4096 5362; 
gstocker@austarnet.com.au or 


Karen Davidson, 
Niugini Holidays (Lic No 3074890) 
07 4039 2251; karen@nghols.com 


orch ids@tinoneeorch ids.com 
www.tinoneeorchids.com 


AOR 034 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


€:9 


Cymbidiums Australia 


PRESENTED BY THE AUSTRALIAN CYMBIDIUM SOCIETY INC. 


Kditor’s Report 


WA cae to the April/May 
issue, Summer is gone, we’re 


well into autumn and the show sea- 
son will soon be upon us, how did 
we get this far into 2007 so quickly? 

There have been few issues to 
have focused everyone’s attention 
like the issue of water, or more pre- 
cisely the lack of it, at least in the 
southern states. 

We certainly live in a country of 
extremes, while down south we’ve 
suffered through a worsening 
decade long drought, up north 
we’ve seen floods, bad enough in 
themselves without watching all 
that water drain out to sea. 

This issue contains two articles 
relating to water and the changes to 
our cultural practices necessary to 
keep our cymbidiums alive while 
coping with tightening water 
restrictions. Bill Mather and 
Carolin Allen focus on different 
aspects of dealing with water 
restrictions. While winter might 
provide some relief, it could well be 
very temporary and all too soon the 
weather will warm up again and our 
water problems may well continue 
for some time yet. Hopefully, you'll 
find something useful among these 
articles which may help either now 


Editors 


or in the future. 

The Cymbidium Orchid Society 
of Victoria provides news of this 
years National Cymbidium Show 
including dates and venue, while 
Peter Moore has information about 
Sydney’s Orchid Extravaganza to 
be staged in August. 

Peter Moore also gives us a report 
on the CCA (NSW) Christmas 
party, 2006. 

Also from NSW, John Tanner 
pays tribute to the late Norma 
Stafford who passed away on the 30 
November, 2006. Norma will be 
greatly missed by the Sapphire 
Coast Orchid Club, the CCA and all 
in the orchid community who knew 
her. 

Noe Smith brings us the first part 
of a series of articles tailored for 
those who may be beginning their 
cymbidium journey with a look at 
some of the readily available meri- 
clones which would provide a great 
start to any collection. 

Finally, join Rob Smith as he 
takes a look at two outstanding per- 
sonalities who featured promi- 
nently in the development and pop- 
ularisation of Australian native 
cymbidium hybrids, Doctor Miles 
Seton and Dean Roesler. 

Good growing and good health. 

Your Editors 


Noe Smith 


24 William Hunter Court, 
Rosebud, Vic 3939 


Tel/Fax: (03) 5986 1121 


Email: 
aussiecyms@internode.on.net 


Rob Smith 


| HOW TO JOINA 


CYMBIDIUM CLUB 
IN YOUR STATE 


CYMBIDIUM CLUB OF 
AUSTRALIA INC. 


Meetings are held on the 2nd Thursday of 
each month (except December, January 
and February) 

Meetings commence 8.00 p.m. 
Venue: Lakemba Chapter Remembrance Hall, 
220 Lakemba Street, Lakemba, 
Sydney, N.S.W. 

For further details contact 
Secretary, Peter Moore, 

10 Stephanie Street, 

Padstow, N.S.W. 2211 
Phone: (02) 9721 0572 
President, Geoff LeMarne, 

Phone: (02) 9449 9648 
Web: www.ccansw.com.au 


CYMBIDIUM ORCHID CLUB OF 
SOUTH AUSTRALIA INC. 
Meetings are held on the 4th Wednesday of 
each month (except December and January) 
Auditorium open from 7.00 p.m. — 
Beginners’ Group commences 7.20 p.m. 
Main Meeting commences 8.00 p.m. 
Venue: Burnside Community Centre, 

401 Greenhill Road, Tusmore, Adelaide, S.A. 
For further details contact 
Secretary, Jeanne Hall, 

18 Coorilla Avenue, Glenelg North, S.A. 5045 
Phone: (08) 8294 5562 
President, Ray Brady, 

Phone: (08) 8252 3812 


THE CYMBIDIUM ORCHID CLUB OF 
WESTERN AUSTRALIA INC. 
Meetings are held on the 3rd Monday of 
each month (except January and February) 
Benching of plants commences 7.15 p.m. 
Popular Vote commences 7.50 p.m. 
Main Meeting commences 8.00 p.m. 
Venue: Belmont Sports & Recreation Club, 
Abernethy Rd, Belmont, W.A. 

For further details contact 
Secretary, Alice Lang, 

20 Urch Road, Kalamunda, WA 6076 
Phone/Fax: (08) 9257 1056 
President, Helen Stretch 
Phone: 0419 197 043 


THE CYMBIDIUM ORCHID SOCIETY 
OF VICTORIA INC. 


Meetings are held on 2nd Tuesday of 
each month (except January) 
Popular Vote commences 7.50 p.m. — 
Main Meeting commences 8.00 p.m. 
Venue: Mt. Waverley Youth Centre, 
Millers Crescent, Mt. Waverley, Victoria. 
For further details contact 
Secretary, Jenifer Robertson, 

54 Worthing Road, Devon Meadows, 
Victoria 3977 
Phone: (03) 5998 2226 
President, Glenda Coutts, 
Phone: (03) 5998 2535 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


Doctor Miles Seton and Dean Roesler. 


Cym. Jumbuck ‘Dark Invader’ typical of the darkest forms from Cym. Jumbuck, a crossing that pro- 
duced colours from smooth reds to dark red/browns. 


42 


Text Noe Smith — 
photography Dean Roesler 


Ares native Cymbidium hybrids 
incorporating the species Cymbidium 
suave have hardly been mentioned among 
these pages since the passing of Dean 
Roesler on Anzac Day 2005. That fact 
only indicates the level of respect and 
affection Cymbidium growers accorded 
the man and the need for time to pass. Such 
was Dean’s enthusiasm for these particular 
unique Cymbidium hybrids and his cham- 
pioning of the man who created more of 
them than any other single hybridiser, that 
hybrids such as cymbidiums Jumbuck, 
Koala, Bunyip and Piccaninny became 
well known and popular orchids rather 
than just obscure footnotes among the 
thousands of Cymbidium registrations. 

The hybridiser Dean came to respect 
and regard as a dear friend was Doctor 
Miles Seton and through these pages Dean 
told the story of the years of work, trials, 
failures and successes involved in Dr. 
Seton’s efforts to produce hybrids from the 
species Cymbidium suave. 

Between these two men an outstanding 
legacy has been left for the rest of us to 
enjoy and through Dr. Seton’s work and 
Dean’s telling of his story, together with 
his own hybridising experiments with 
Cymbidium suave, the impetus has been 
created for others to continue working 
along similar lines. 

Cymbidium suave is no easy subject to 
work with and hybridising with it can pro- 
duce many more failures than successes, 
but through the work of Dr. Seton and 
Dean Roesler, those who follow have data 
available to provide a starting point for 
success. It is always the case that trail blaz- 
ers have to do much more work for limited 
returns than those who have the benefit of 
drawing on their work. 

Certainly others produced hybrids using 
Cymbidium suave and deserve recognition 
for their efforts, but I doubt anyone 
devoted the time and single minded com- 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


mitment to working with Cymbidium 
suave and trying to understand the prob- 
lems and complexities of this species than 
Doctor Miles Seton did. Dr. Setons work 
was undertaken purely for the challenge 
Cymbidium suave provided, his fascina- 
tion with the species and the enjoyment he 
got from the meagre results his early years 
working with the orchid provided. For 
Dean, his imagination was captured by the 
beauty he saw in the distinctively marked 
labelums of the hybrids flowers and the 
floriferous little plants that resulted from 
Cymbidium suave hybrids. 

Deans biggest disappointment was the 
difficulty he experienced in getting pods 
from his own Cymbidium suave crossings 
to maturity in the often inhospitable South 
Australian climate where during the sum- 
mer months extreme temperatures and low 
humidity levels could wreak havoc with 
developing seed pods. Some seasons every 
pod would be lost within a few days of a 
spell of hot weather where daily tempera- 
tures could reach into the forties and night 
temperature might remain in the mid to 
high thirties. All of those yellowed pods 
which dropped so quickly from the plants 
were lost possibilities, even though many 
Cymbidium suave crossings would pro- 
duce pods barren of viable seed, just some 
of them may have been fertile. Despite the 
problems of a less than ideal climate Dean 
was successful with some of his crosses 
though sadly his failing health and his 
passing at only meant that he only saw a 
few of his Cymbidium suave hybrid 
seedlings flower. 

While these orchids will never be to 
everyone’s taste, (they don’t exhibit clas- 
sic showbench flower form, flower during 
the show season, or suit commercial 
requirements) they are extremely popular 
with hobby growers. It is often the case 
that photographs of individual flowers do 
not flatter them as the lack of fullness of 
shape is highlighted, but to see these little 
orchids in full bloom on a well grown plant 
of reasonable size, is to see them at their 
best, a mass of cascading flowers with 
colour and charm which never fails to 
draw attention and admiration. Some have 
criticised Dr. Seton’s hybrids for a lack of 
attractive colour, a statement which could 
only be based on experience of a very lim- 
ited selection of the many clones of his 
best hybrids, or from having seen only a 
few inferior photographs. Unfortunately 
many of the photographs in Deans collec- 
tion were hastily taken and or were shots 
of sub standard flowerings on small divi- 
sions in poor condition after their ship- 
ment from Doctor Seton’s home in NSW 
where they had suffered from little care 
and attention in the months following his 
passing. Gradually a library of pho- 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


% 
Mi AN 
Cym. Bunyip ‘Lucy Delilah’ typical of the bright pink tones from this crossing. 


Cym. Koala ‘Kid’ orange tones from a cross which produced mainly bright yellows. 


43 


tographs is being compiled by those 
friends of Deans who were charged with 
preserving the collection and continuing to 
experiment with the next generation of 
hybrids and as photographs become avail- 
able of representative flowerings we aim 
to feature them in these pages. Certainly 
there is no lack of colour among Doctor 
Seton’s hybrids with soft and lipstick 
pinks, bright clear yellows, greens, 
oranges, smooth vibrant reds, dark browns 
and almost black reds featuring. 

After a number of years flowering and 
assessing Dr. Seton’s collection, Dean 
Roesler began to mericlone a number of 
the hybrids he considered to be the best, 
based on growth habit, floriferousness, 
colour and overall eye appeal and those 
plants are now either growing in hobbyist 
collections around the country, or are 
being grown on by commercial nurseries 
for sale both in Australia and overseas. In 
this way Dean’s dream of making these 
charming cymbidiums available to as 
many Cymbidium lovers as possible and 
providing stock for future hybridising 
work by those interested will be realised. 
In the year before Dean’s passing the 
Cymbidium Orchid Society of Victoria 
staged an auction of divisions from some 


Cym. Piccaninny ‘Precious’ a lighter coloured form from this cross which produced strong red to a | 
almost black flowers. Cym. Jumbuck ‘Corey Jack’ another dark and ri 


h 


44 The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


of Doctor Miles Seton collection, with 
plants being selected by Dean. Dean 
would be pleased and satisfied to see many 
of those divisions now appearing in flower 
on club benches at September, October 
and November meetings. Likewise, in 
terms of ongoing hybridisation, several of 
Dr. Seton’s Cymbidium suave hybrids 
have already been identified as fertile 
(though the amount of viable seed pro- 
duced from crossings is generally quite 
low) and no doubt more will be found over 
coming years. With breeding being under- 
taken by several hybridisers across the 
country based on Dr. Seton’s hybrids, 
Cymbidium suave itself and the other two 
Australian native Cymbidium species, 
cymbidiums madidum and canaliculatum, 
as well as their hybrids, the work of these 
two gentlemen is already providing the 
impetus for future generations of hybrids 
based on these unique orchids. 

While both Doctor Miles Seton and 
Dean Roesler led full lives and gave much 
to society in areas other than in orchid 
terms, the contribution they made through 
their work with and championing of 
Cymbidium suave as a parent in 
Cymbidium hybrids, is a legacy they could 
both be justifiably proud of. | 


Cym. (Piccaninny x madidum) one of the first seedlings Dean flowered from his own hybridising 


ly coloured Jumbuck with full flower form. efforts using Dr. Seton’s Cym. suave hybrids. 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 45 


The Cymbidium Club of Australia (NSW) Inc 


From Friday 10th August to Sunday 12th August 2007 


Battack Orchids The Orchid Oasis 
Nicky’s Slippers Shenandoah Orchids 
Tinonee Orchids Rosella Orchids 
Robert Giles Orchids Australian Orchid Nursery 
Fon Ping Orchids David Keanelly Orchids 
David Wain Orchids Mint World Orchids 
Selective Orchids Johnston’s Orchids 
The Orchid Tray Company 


To be held at the Dural Recreation Centre, “Ellerman Park” 
Kenthurst Road, ROUND CORNER, DURAL (Entrance from Pellitt Lane) 


Come along and see some of the best flowering 
orchids on display in the country and purchase 
some top quality plants 
Admission $4.00 FREE Parking 
Refreshments provided all day by the Round Corner Bush Fire Brigade 


For more information please contact 
Peter Moore 02 9721 0572 or Keith Harris 02 9520 8551 


46 The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


CYMBIDIUMS AUSTRALIA 


2007 Sydney Orchid Extravaganza 


Cymbidium Club of Australia (NSW) 


his years Orchid Extravaganza will 

once again be held at the Dural 
Recriation Centre, “Ellerman Park”, 25 
Kenthurst Road Round Corner Dural. 

Open to the public from Friday 10th. to 
Sunday 12th. inclusive, between 9am. and 
5pm. daily. 

This is the event on the Sydney orchid 
calendar that really should not be missed. 

If you are looking for a relaxing day out 
looking at top quality orchids, especially 
cymbidiums and are interested in learning 
more about them and how to grow them, 
then this show is the place to be. 

If enjoying a nice lunch, morning or 
afternoon tea, while basking in the autumn 
sunshine and a serene rural setting if the 
mood takes you, or perhaps purchase an 
orchid plant or two to enhance your col- 


lection appeals then this is the show you 
must attend. 


There will be many orchids around the 
perimeter of the venue which will grab 
your attention and will be available from 
our vendors beginning with our major 
show sponsor The Orchid Mart, who will 
have many excellent cymbidiums for sale. 

Australian Orchid Nursery (Vic.) will 
have a large range of seedlings, clones and 
flowering plants of top quality. Mini World 
Orchids will be a prominent vendor again 
this year. Tinonee Orchids will be selling a 
new range of miniature seedlings which 
will be highly sought after. Battack 
Orchids, The Orchid Oasis and 
Shenandoah Orchids will once again be 
selling some of New South Wales’ best 
cymbidiums, while Selective Orchids and 
Rosella Orchids, both from NSW will be 
here again. 

Our interstate vendors will again be rep- 
resented by David Keanelly Orchids 


yd 


© 


DAVID 


KEANELLY 
ORCHIDS 


22 Emmett Street Golden Square Victoria 3555 
Phone (03) 5442 4806 Mobile 0411 352 036 
Email dkorchids@smartchat.net.au 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


CYMBIDIUM 
ORCHIDS 


Quality Cymbidium Mericlones for 
the showbench or enthusiast 
Telephone or Write for Catalogue 


(Vic.), Johnsons Orchids (SA.), Nicky’s 
Slipper Orchids (SA), with all these ven- 
dors bringing excellent orchids to wet your 
appetite. This year we also welcome to our 
show Robert Giles Orchids (NSW), 
Wain’s Orchids (Vic.), Fong Ping Orchids 
(Qld.) and for all your orchid accessories 
we welcome The Orchid Tray Company. 

The centre of the venue will encompass 
hundreds of show bench orchids including 
table top displays, cut stem classes and sin- 
gle bloom classes along with floor dis- 
plays and with a massive 86 classes and 15 
championship classes to be judged it 
should be a spectacular display. 

Don’t forget whilst you are there to have 
a cuppa and something to eat, which will be 
expertly provided by the Dural Round 
Corner Bush Brigade and all profits will go 
to this very valuable community service, so 
please come along and support them. 

Loads of free off street parking and 
being just 400 metres from the Round 
Corner Dural shopping centre makes this a 
must see show. 


a 
CCA (NSW) 


§ Miriam Ann 
Orchids 


Alan & Miriam Merriman 
89 Levy Street, 
Glenbrook NSW 2773 
The Orchid People 


Sydney’s only one 
stop Orchid Shop 
We carry a large range of 
orchid requisits 
Port Pots always in stock 
We have a large range of 
Tassie Spag. Moss in all pack sizes 
Stakes - Water Breakers 
Nie-co Rolls 
Thermometers 
PH and EC Meters 
Sydney Agent for Woolf Orchidculture 
ALAN’S FERTLIZER 
HANDBOOK 
Price $10.45 including postage 
ALAN’S PEST and DISEASE 
HANDBOOK 


Price $18.70 per copy including postage 
* Nursery open most weekends 
for all your orchid requisits 
* Growing classes held monthly 


PHONE: 0247 395 141 
Fax 0247 398 090 


email: mirannorchids@pnc.com.au 
BANKCARD, MASTERCARD AND VISA 


47 


CYMBIDIUMS AUSTRALIA 


2007 National Cymbidium Show 


Text by The Australian Cymbidium Society 


hile the usual rotation of the National 
Cymbidium Show would indicate that 
this years event would have been staged in 
NSW, hosted by the Australian Cymbidium 
Club (NSW), circumstances have meant that 
the Australian Cymbidium Society has had 
to look for an alternative venue and host state 
club for the 2007 National Cymbidium 
Show. The end result has been to have the 
show staged in Victoria again this year and 
hosted by the Cymbidium Orchid Club of 
Victoria. With only limited time available for 
any other state to source a venue, sponsors, 
etcetera, Victoria was seen as the best option 
as South Australia is already well advanced 
with preparations to host the 2008 show and 
could not transfer those arrangements to 
2007. COSV on the other hand already had 
arrangements in place to stage a show in 
Ararat with sponsorship, a venue and support 
from Ararat Rural City under the title of the 
Cymbidium Festival (an event held each 
year between national shows in Victoria, 
with essentially the same show schedule as a 
national show). As a result the 2007 National 
Cymbidium Show will be held in conjunc- 
tion with the Cymbidium Festival at Ararat 
with the event being staged in September. 
Following confirmation of the National 


Bribie Island 


Attractions 


Relaxed informal friendly 
atmosphere 

Competitive show — Displays 
by Societies 

Banquet dinner — Light 
refreshments — Tours 


Batting reov01 srrorrcoey 
CST CABOOLTURE 
magn SHIRE COUNCIL 


Vendors 
Alice’s Orchids 


Aranbeem Orchids 


Brighton Orchid Nursery Orchids 


48 


Island accommodation 
readily available 


Bribie Island Orchid Society Inc. PO Box 
Telephone 07 3410 1919 or email lynn@bribieisland 


Burbank Orchid Nursery 
Cedarvale Orchid Nursery 
Dendi Orchid Nursery 
Down Under Native 


Cymbidium Show being in Ararat for 2007 
the ACS contacted Leon Van Rijn of Fleurijn 
Orchids-Holland with a view to securing his 
sponsorship as naming rights sponsor again 
this year. The ACS is pleased to report that 
Leon did not hesitate to once again commit- 
ting his financial support to the event, even 
at short notice and in a year when he was 
expecting not to have to put his hand in his 
pocket and sponsor a national cymbidium 
show. The ACS extends it’s thanks to Leon 
for his generosity in making this commit- 
ment in late February when under normal 
circumstances such arrangements are made 
up to twelve months in advance. 

The end result is that the ACS is pleased 
to announce that the 2007 Fleurijn Orchids- 
Holland National Cymbidium Show will be 
staged in Ararat Rural City and hosted by 
The Cymbidium Orchid Society of Victoria. 
A special show committee has been formed 
by COSV to get everything in place and 
ready for the second full weekend in 
September with a full show schedule in place 
including the addition of any and all addi- 
tions resulting from the 2006 ACS delegates 
meeting. 

The show schedule, all details of the event 
and contact details etcetera will appear in the 


Plant sales — Commercial ~ Unlimited Free Parking 
growers in attendance . 
Folk art, crafts, floral art, 
woodcrafters, jewellery, 
pottery etc 


Coasts | 


special entry price 


Contact Secretary Lynn Hauck 


Easy Orchid Nursery 
Robertson Orchid 
Rosella Orchid Nursery 
Tinonee Orchid Nursery 
Woolf Orchidculture 


_ Bus Groups welcome — 


27 Bribie Island, Queensland 4507 
rchidsociety.com 


— 
BR Gardens 
Designer Framing 
Fly Free Zone 
Horticultural Solutions 
JPR Fertilizers 


next issue of Cymbidiums Australia/ 
Australian Orchid Review. 

The ACS apologizes to any exhibitor, 
sponsor or show visitor who may be incon- 
venienced, having expected the show to be 
held in NSW during August. But hopes any 
and all cymbidium enthusiasts will be able to 
join us in Ararat in September for what will 
certainly be the best and biggest display of 
cymbidium orchids gathered in one place 
and the greatest opportunity for ALL cym- 
bidium enthusiasts to gather, talk, swap 
and/or buy desirable cymbidiums, and gen- 
erally enjoy each others company and make 
new friends. One of the driving forces behind 
the formation of the ACS (and its first presi- 
dent) Graham Guest, once described the 
National Cymbidium Show as, “A gathering 
of the clans” and that is exactly what it is. 
Along with the opportunity to view and 
enjoy many of the best cymbidiums in the 
country, the opportunity to enjoy each others 
company is the prime reason for staging our 
national cymbidium shows. 

Come and join us in Ararat this September 
for the biggest and most important cymbid- 
ium event in 2007 the Fleurijn Orchids- 
Holland National Cymbidium Show. O 

The Committee, COSV 


rchid Society Inc 


ting the 


ouncil of Queensland 


ORCHID FESTIVAL 


chid Fantasy 


8-11 June 2007 
at Bribie Island State High School, First Avenue, Bribie Island Qld - Entry $4.00 


Guest Speakers 


' Wheelchair friendly access 


Short drive to attractions at 
Brisbane, Sunshine & Gold 


Gary Yong Gee, 

Murray Shergold, 

Ray Clements, John Woolf, 
Dennis Deihm, 

Wayne Harris, David Martin 


AOR 027 


Orchidaceous Books 
Peters Glen Shadehouses 
Terra Potta Pots 

Unique Jewellery 
WonderGrow Products 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


While many of the articles published 
V V in these pages describe and illustrate 
new cymbidiums, whether seedlings or 
recently shown newer hybrids, these 
plants are generally not available to grow- 
ers, at least not for several years to come. 
So where does a newer cymbidium grower 
start if they want to build a collection of 
rewarding, reliable growing and proven 
plants? The range of cymbidiums avail- 
able either as mericlones or seedlings can 
be quite bewildering to even experienced 
growers, let alone someone new to orchid 
growing. The following list of mericlones 
is intended ONLY as a guide to some of the 
proven and commonly available clones 
which anyone should have a reasonable 
chance of finding at orchid nurseries either 
locally, or from interstate suppliers by mail 
order. It is by no means an exhaustive list, 
but does include reliable, good quality 
plants which could provide the basis of a 
respectable collection. 
Cym. Sarah Jean ‘Ice Cascade’ or 
‘Jennifer’. While the Cym. Sarah Jean 
cross is certainly not new, it remains one of 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


"a "Ie ) I. bg 4° 
© 


by Noe Smith 


Cym. Ruby Valley ‘Clare’ 


the benchmark miniature flowered cym- 
bidiums, is a reliable grower and proven 
flowerer. Both ‘Ice Cascade’ and 
‘Jennifer’ are regarded as among the best 
of the Sarah Jeans and both when grown to 
reasonable sized plants are capable of 
putting on impressive and beautiful floral 
displays. ‘Ice Cascade’ as the name sug- 
gests has white flowers, while ‘Jennifer’ is 
a clean concolor type green. ‘Ice Cascade’ 
should be available in sizes from small 
plants to flowering size and obtaining a 
plant of this cymbidium shouldn’t be diffi- 
cult as more mericlones of this orchid have 
been sold in Australia (and perhaps the 
world?) than any other and it is still in high 
demand today. 

Cym. Anna Szabo ‘Geyserland’. This 
nicely shaped small standard flower is one 
of the best growing and reliable flowering , 
white cymbidiums available. Hybridized 
by New Zealand’s Andy Easton, it has 
been immensely popular in Australia for 
the past decade or so and is also commonly 
available. Like Cym. Sarah Jean ‘Ice 
Cascade’ this orchid is still a regular show 


49 


Cym. Coraki Gold ‘Kimberley’ 


winner when well grown and presented, 
but is also highly rewarding when simply 
grown for it’s beautiful flowers. 

Cym. Ruby Valley (various clones avail- 
able). This hybrid has been around for 
about ten years and has proven to be very 
popular because of it’s shapely dark red 


Cym. Sims Vision ‘Barcelona’ 


intermediate sized flowers. Many of the 
Cym. Ruby Valley’s have won shows and 
awards and several clones should be avail- 
able. Some varieties have arching to 
upright flower stems and other display 
their flowers in a hanging (pendulous) 
habit. 


Cym. Sims Vision ‘Barcelona’ This 
blush pink/white colored flower is of small 
standard size, (about 95 tol00 mm across) 
and it’s vigorous growing plants can carry 
good numbers of flower spikes while still 
of only moderate size. It’s pretty flowers 
are highlighted by a broad red band around 


WWW. EASYORCHIDS. COM 


50 


Buy Bulk and Save 


80mm $25.00 per 500 were $56:60 
100mm $25.00 per 230 were $49;€0 
150mm $20.00 per 125 were $38:60 


EASY ORCHIDS 


Phone: 02 6682 2635 
Fax: 02 6682 2605 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


Cym. Fair Delight ‘Polar Bear’ 


the edge of the lip making for an eye catch- 
ing display. 

Cym. Coraki Gold ‘Kimberley’ This 
striking bright yellow large flower type is 
one of the best from a successful hybrid 
made by Bryants Orchids. Typical of the 
cross, ‘Kimberley’ has a broad red band 
around it’s white lip which sets of the 
bright yellow flowers to perfection. While 
it has proven to be a successful show 
orchid, it is also a reliable grower and 
flowerer and is worth adding to a collec- 
tion for those reasons alone. 

Cym. Fair Delight ‘Polar Bear.’ Another 
white flower, this time of the large flower 
type. (over 110mm across) While there are 
plenty of good quality white cymbidiums 
of this type, “Polar Bear’ seems to be one 
of the best of recent years in terms of it’s 
versatility, it grows and flowers well in 
most southern Australian areas and is a 
consistent performer on the show bench as 
well as being incredibly beautiful. Another 
fine example of Bryants Orchids hybridiz- 
ing. 

Cym. Valley Splash ‘Awesome’. This 
clone from the successful cross made by 
Valley Orchids is the most well known of 
the Cym. Valley Splashes. A white flower 
of good size with a “splash” type pink 
blush on each petal and sepal, ‘Awesome’ 
produces plenty of flowers and has been a 
regular show winner. There are several 
other Cym. Valley Splash clones available 
which could equally demand a place in any 
cymbidium collection. 

Cym. One Tree Hill. (‘Beenak’, ‘Doris’, 
‘Johns Quest’ and others.) Another hybrid 
from Andy Easton, Cym. One Tree Hill has 
been a most popular cymbidium for close 
on fifteen years with several clones doing 
well on the show bench and gaining 
awards of quality. All of the One Tree Hills 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


51 


CYMBIDIUMS AUSTRALIA 


Left: Cym. One Tree Hill ‘Beenak’ 


carry intermediate sized flowers in yellow 
shades, some with red banded lips, others 
in concolor tones. ( No red pigment in the 
flowers, the lip areas which are red in nor- 
mal types are yellow in these concolors.) 

Cym. Gentle Touch “Bon Bon’. 
Intermediate sized flowers with green 
petals and sepals, white lips with a red 
edge. “Bon Bon’ can carry lots of flowers 
and puts on an impressive display. It does 
well on the show bench due to its shapely 
flowers and the fact that it can produce lots 
of them in relation to the size of the plant. 

Cym. Khan Flame ‘Tuscany’ or 
‘Raquel’. Another cross from Bryants 
Orchids, this one producing big shapely 
flowers in colors from pink through red to 
dark red/browns. These are strong grow- 
ing plants with tall spikes and plenty of 
flowers. ‘Raquel’ is a smooth mid pink 
with a red banded lip and ‘Tuscany’ is an 
impressive rich brown, also with a red 
banded lip. 

While ten plants is a very small selec- 
tion from the hundreds of cymbidiums 
commonly available and it would be easy 
to include many others, every collection 
has to start somewhere. Anyone growing 


schacéiers 


2007 Catalogue 


We have our 2007 16 page catalogue available listing a huge 
range of clones and seedlings as well as interesting notes on fer- 
tiliser and potting mixes. Please note that unfortunately we are no 
longer able to offer mail order sales apart from our special new 
releases. Please send a stamped self addressed envelope for the 
catalogue. 


Special New Releases 


Watch this space each issue for exciting special 
new releases sent mail order anywhere in 
Australia. 


Flowering Showbench and Cascading 
Cymbidiums 


Potting Requisi 
We specialise in an extensive range of the best showbench cym- i) STE 


es 


bidium clones available in Australia. These are available in a range 
of sizes from 5 inch pot size to flowering and all are available from 
the nursery on Fridays March 1 to December 1. As well we sell 
divisions of superior new seedlings every week from the nursery 
as well as hundreds of flowering cyms sold on a “first come, first 
served” basis. We have an extensive range of miniature and inter- 
mediate cyms and we specialise in the ever popular cascading 
cymbidiums in flower. 


Cymbidium Seedlings 

A range of showbench seedlings is available from the nursery. 
Keep watching Special New Releases for Coco Jim ‘Starquest’ 
seedlings. 


Our very successful cymbidium fertilisers and potting mix are 
always available from the nursery. Please ring first if you need 
larger quantities to give us time to prepare these. 


Commercial Sales: Overseas and Australia 


We are Australia’s largest producer and hybridiser of cymbidium 
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52 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


CYMBIDIUMS AUSTRALIA 


Left: Cym. Valley Splash ‘Awesome’ 


cymbidiums today is spoilt for choice with 
so many good plants available. These 
plants may not be the very latest in breed- 
ing, but they are proven plants of good 
quality, while also having attractive flow- 
ers. It is important that cymbidium grow- 
ers just beginning their journey have 
rewarding and reliable plants which will 
encourage them and all of these (as well as 
many others) should do that. 

Over coming issues we will look at the 
amazing variety available among cymbid- 
iums, from show types to novelties, 
species and specific groups such as pendu- 
lous miniature flowered types and where 
necessary discuss their particular cultural 
needs. For those interested in expanding 
their collections to include seedlings, we 
will look at some of the most important 
and successful current stud plants and the 
sort of results they are producing. 

Enjoy your cymbidiums and good 
growing. | 

Noe Smith 
24 William Hunter Crt. 
Rosebud, Vic. 3939. 


Below: Cym. Gentle Touch ‘Bon Bon’ 


Butterfly Kisses ‘Viridian’ 
First release — 
Sage Horticultural 2003 Seedling of the Year 


2007 Colour Catalogue 


SPRINGFIELD ORCHIDS 


32 Lyndhurst Road, Kalamunda WA 6076 
Phone: (08) 9293 3196 Email: nado@iinet.net.au 
Phone, email or write for your copy 


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80mm pots 


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pack of 125 - $20.00 


SY Bee, asusserstee, Ph 02 6682.2635 
wits Woodbum. NSW.2472 Fax: 02 6682 2605 

L “ORCHIDS FOR EVERYONE’ 
The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 53 


NATIVE ORCHIDS 


Latest Release Seedlings 
Flowering Size Plants 
Hot/Cold and Cold Growers 


We only stock quality 
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Native species including 
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LARGE SPECIMENS 
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We also stock treefern, slabs, 
stakes, pots, sphagnum and 
bush moss, orchid bark 


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Silvan, Victoria 3795 


Fax/Phone: (03) 9737 9694 
Melway Ref. 123 


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ORCHID FARM 


We grow and sell stunning cymbidiums. 
Thousands in flower. Huge specimens 
of named varieties or first flowering 
seedlings. Brilliant colours, fabulous 
massed display. Prices for everybody. 


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Open 7 days a week 


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Geelong Victoria 


ph 03 5250 2058 0409 355 388 


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54 


CYMBIDIUMS AUSTRALIA 


VALE 


Norma Stafford 


February 22nd, 1938 to November 30th, 2006 


Nears came to Bega to work as a nurs- 
ing sister at the Bega Hospital in her 
early 20’s. 

John’s father, seeing her walking down 
the street one day, said to John, “If you 
don’t marry that girl you’ve got rocks in 
your head”. John wooed and won her 
hand and over the years five children 
were born. 

At the same time a passion for water 
skiing developed and she and John tray- 
elled New South Wales to power boat and 
water ski meets. A great circle of friends 
developed around this passion and 
Norma and a group of friends formed a 
skiing team. To those who only met 
Norma later in life, photos of this period 
are a fascinating insight into this time. In 
her youth Norma regularly visited a rela- 
tives farm in the Gloucester area north of 
Sydney, where many native orchids grew 


naturally and so developed a love of orchids which was to last all her life. 

Norma was involved in the formation of the Sapphire Coast Orchid Club in the 
early 1980’s and served 10 years as president and some 12 years as secretary. Her 
nursery at Kalaru became a favorite meeting place for orchid growers and friends 
from all over NSW, Victoria and further a field. 

She became an orchid judge and earned great respect for her knowledge, com- 
mon sense and natural manner. Many was the time that she and other judges would 
leave home at four or five o’clock in the morning to judge at shows up the coast. 
She showed leadership qualities and had the happy knack of getting from people 


more than they thought they had to give. 


Many took positions on committees, as officers of the club, became judges and 
show marshals who would never have thought themselves capable of such respon- 
sibilities. Everyone felt they were special to Norma and they were. 

Her last outing was to the National Show at Port Macquarie at which she judged 
and also caught up with many old friends as well as quite a few new plants. 

Norma’s other passion was always her family. She is survived by her five chil- 
dren and fourteen grand children and she loved each and every one dearly. 

Her passing left a huge hole in her family and her community. 


John Tanner, Pambula NSW 


PHONE: 041 239 1989 


TOM BURIAN ORCHIDS 


Nursery open weekends 
(other times by appointment only) 
* * * LOTS OF NEW RELEASES AVAILABLE * * * 


TOM BURIAN ORCHIDS 


R.S.D. 87, STRATHALBYN, S.A. 5255 
Nursery at:— Lot 25 Heinjus Road, Strathalbyn, S.A. 5255 


Phone: 041 239 1989 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


Fe some orchid enthusiasts growing 
specialised climate orchids is their self 
imposed challenge, for others growing 
familiar cool climate and intermediate cli- 
mate compatible species and hybrids to 
perfection and or for competition or award 
gives true personal satisfaction. What we 
devote our time and efforts to is our per- 
sonal choice. 

Whatever we choose to grow the fact 
is that to a greater or lesser extent the cur- 
rent water shortages and restrictions 
which apply across the southern states 
are having an impact at some level on 
how we approach the growing of our 
orchids regardless of genera or type. The 
following thoughts and information are 
aimed at suggesting some options which 
may be applicable, to some degree, for 
anyone facing the current restrictions and 
those which may be imposed in the near 
future. 

In his book “The Specialist Orchid 
Grower” the late Jim Rentoul wrote under 
the heading ‘Orchids and Climates’ to the 
effect that success depends on identifying 
the needs and grouping plants for the pro- 
vision of an appropriate climate in your 
collection. The ambient climate where 
you live should influence your choice of 
plants and if you want to excel with a 
genus or collection you should not chal- 
lenge to deeply the climate that you pro- 
pose to create. All growing is artificial 
once any enclosure is used to modify the 
local environment. Within an enclosure 
there may be up to four microclimates 
available from ground level to roof and 
the ease with which some orchids may be 
successfully cultivated may depend on 
finding the best available place within 
your enclosure. 

For our plants to survive this extraordi- 
narily long drought and the current neces- 
sary restrictions imposed on us, which are 
severely restricting our use of mains water 
other than for the purposes of drinking, 
food preparation and hygiene, we need to 
reassess our watering practices and look to 
alternatives. Fortunately for those of us 
relying on Melbourne’s water supply, 
access to good quality water with negligi- 
ble levels of dissolved calcium and mag- 
nesium salts means we are not exposed to 
the problems of “hardness” as experienced 
by some other cities and areas. 

One of the obvious options to supple- 
ment restrictions on the use of mains water 
(and possibly it’s total prohibition) is the 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


hids 


by Bill Mather 


use of “grey” water, therefore some men- 
tion of the effects of soaps and detergents 
is in order. 

Old fashioned soap worked because it 
contained surfactants — chemicals that 
lowered surface tension in water, broke 
down fatty materials and releasing the fab- 
ric or objects hold on dirt particles. Later, 
antiseptic phenols in the form of carbolic 
were added to washing compounds to 
counter bacteria which could cause dis- 
ease. These soaps did not degrade and 
residues accumulated in waterways and 
treatment plants. By the 1950’s rivers 
often carried foam and the water became 
toxic from waterborne organisms. 
Manufacturers then devise biodegradable 
washing powders, the effectiveness of 
which was countered by the calcium and 
magnesium ions in hard water binding to 
the surfactants and leaving scum on the 
water and clothes. So “builders” were 
added to bind and remove these ions and 
thereby “soften” the water. Phosphates are 


, your garden — 
age 3 restrictions and beyond 


the most commonly used builders in mod- 
ern detergents, but these in turn create 
problems for the safe and useful disposal 
of “grey water”. The breakdown of phos- 
phorus complexes in detergent waste 
water (including human and industrial 
wastes) creates freely available phos- 
phates that in excess cause havoc in 
aquatic ecosystems. Toxic algal blooms 
and oxygen depletion in the waste water 
may have serious consequences for 
aquatic organisms. Although some manu- 
factures are marketing so called phosphate 
free detergents, these claims may be ques- 
tionable. (Unfortunately government leg- 
islation in this area has hardly been cutting 
edge. Ed.) Later we will look at the use of 
grey water as an option for watering 
orchids. 

In Melbourne and other areas we are 
now used to the rules limiting the use of 
mains water in our gardens, which also in 
most cases includes the watering of 
orchids. Our stage 3 restrictions limit 


1265 Western Port Hwy. Langwarrin. Vic. 3910 


Introducing... 


First flowering in 2006. 


Our Cymbidium breeding policy 
was formulated years ago to. 
specifically produce small plant 
habit, upright self supporting 
racemes, feature lips, improved 
shape and a wide variety of great 
colours. 


We are now seeing the results. 
Don’t miss our future flask lists! 


Our 2007 Cymbidium flask list is now ready for distribution by e-mail only. To request a copy, 


please e-mail us at the address below. 


It will feature approximately 150 crossings and will cover a full colour range and flowering all sea- 
sons. A wide range of new parents are also featured. 


We are now on Broadband and we are in the process of designing colour photo brochures of our 
stock for distribution by e-mail to our regular clients. A sample copy is available. 


We are continuing with our cool growing other genera and lists are also due for release early i in 


the near future. 


Alllists are now available only by e-mail in Adobe PDF formats — please specify genera (free PDF 
Readers programs are readily available). Those wanting regular e-mail lists should contact us’ 


indicating the specific genera lists required. 


PLEASE NOTE OUR 


E-mail address: glenorchids@nex.net. au 


and visit our Web Site: www.glenorchids.com.au 
Phone: (03) 9782-2668 
For directions to our Nursery see: Melways Map: 136 G-3 


55 


How YOUR 
COMPUTER 
CAN HELP 
YOUR 
WINDOWSILL 


AMERICAN 
OR Grae 


SOC We Wy 


If your sunny windowsill is lonely and in 
need of something green and flowery, 
log on now to the American Orchid 
Society’s very popular Web site — 
www.dos.org — for helpful and exten- 


sive tips on orchid growing. Enjoy 


inspiring color photographs, a calen- 
dar of orchid events and other helpful 
orchid advice. Orchid Forum, devel- 
oped as an information exchange plat- 
form, is visited regularly by novice and 


advanced growers throughout the world. 


Founded in 1921, the AOS is the 
world’s number-one orchid-information 
source — just ask 30,000 members 
worldwide. On-site membership appli- 
cation is available along with conve- 
nient, secured shopping in The AOS 
BookShop and Orchid Emporium. 


American Orchid Society 
16700 AOS Lane 
Delray Beach, Florida 33467 


Telephone 561-404-2000 
Fax 561-404-2100 
E-mail TheAOS@aos.org 
Web site www.aos.org 


56 


CYMBIDIUMS AUSTRALIA 


watering to two days a week, (either, 
Sat./Tues. or Sun./Wed.)with a maximum 
of eight hours broken up as follows, 6am 
to 8am and 8pm to 10pm. Automated 
dripper systems can be used your two allo- 
cated days from midnight to 4am. From 
my enquiries with my local water author- 
ity, one may apply for an exemption to 
spread the eight hours over four days, 
such an application needs to be supported 
by details of size, quality and value of the 
collection. (I am also informed that auto- 
matic misting may be exempted?) 

Reducing household consumption of 
mains water may seem to have little to do 
with keeping our orchid collections alive, 
but reduced use may help, if only a little, to 
stave of even more inconvenient restric- 
tions and of course some water saving 
options can lead to water being directed to 
our orchids. 

Collection of grey water from showers 
washing machines (rinse cycle) and the 
rinse water from washing up will all pro- 
vide grey water which may be suitable for 
watering orchids. In the case of washing 
machines which can use surprising 
amounts of water dependant on type, diver- 
sion via a water saver costing around $9 
inserted into the trough outflow pipe exter- 
nal inspection port can deliver water to a 
tank or other form of storage. Of course the 
biggest supplement to mains water usage 
can come from the installation of a tank 
which collects rain water from a house roof 
via the down pipe, (say at least 2,000 litres) 
which can be used for orchids or other pur- 
poses. 

Just a few words about maintaining a 
garden during water restrictions, forget 
about displays of annual flowers and con- 
centrate on maintaining well established 
and deep rooted trees and native flowering 
shrubs. Loosen the soil to form a basin 
around the trunks and fill the basin with 
mulch and water regularly with suitable 
grey water. I strongly recommend sub sur- 
face irrigation via a 250mm _ vertical 
drainage pipe inserted beside the basin. 
This minimises water loss from run off and 
surface evaporation. Forget about soft 
vegetables. Many kitchen herbs are quite 
hardy. My tomatoes are thriving under a 
shade cloth tent on limited grey water 
daily. Citrus trees are surviving adequately 
with basins, mulch and grey water. 

Depending on the size of your collection 
and the availability of grey and tank water, 
it may be necessary to consider culling 
your collection of orchids, with the less 
valuable, outdated, or excess plants and 
divisions being sacrificed. Some genera, 
particularly those without pseudobulbs (eg. 
Masdevallias, Phaphiopedilums and the 
like) may be difficult to sustain and man- 
age without regular access to good quality 


water. Good friends Bob and Pam Mason 
have maintained their orchid collection in 
Bendigo, where stage 4 water restrictions 
have been in force for two years, with only 
grey water. With careful monitoring of cul- 
ture and minimal use of selected household 
detergents their orchids have survived sat- 
isfactorily and continued to flower. Despite 
their success, I would advise retaining a 
control selection of plants (destined for 
culling) for observation and assessment 
when watered exclusively with grey water. 
The floor of your orchid house should also 
have a moisture bank of scoria or some- 
thing similar about 70mm thick based on 
weed cloth and preferably planted with 
babies tears which need little light to sur- 
vive and thrive. Also several large trays 
filled with grey water will improve humid- 
ity in closed houses. I believe that given 
these sorts of measures many orchids will 
survive stresses even they may not flower 
to their potential. 

Having regard to the quality of 
Melbourne’s water supply, I believe that 
the use of detergent softeners is unneces- 
sary in the laundry and by omitting them 
their possibly harmful effects will be miti- 
gated when using grey water from the 
washing machine. Further that soaps and 
detergents are marketed indiscriminately in 
Australia regardless of the complications 
posed by various sources of mains water. 
Buyer beware! 

Finally, be optimistic and reflect on the 
motto of the RAF Dambusters attacking 
reservoirs during WW2, “Apres moi le del- 
uge’’. Best of luck! | 

Bill Mather 
70 Winston Rd., Viewbank Vic. 3084. 


References: 

1. Internet — WaterCare “The Disposal of 
Soaps and Detergents” EPA 547/04, 
April 2004. 

2. Yarra Valley Water. 

3. The Orchid Growers Manual — Gordon 
C. Morrison 1988. 


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AOR 020 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


How we are coping with water restrictions 


think most of us coped with stage 2 

water restrictions with little trouble, but 
since the introduction of stage 3 restric- 
tions and now with stage 4 restrictions 
imminent, things are becoming more diffi- 
cult. In response to the introduction of 
stage 3 restrictions we decided to become 
as water conscious as possible, both to cut 
down on our total water use and to keep 
our orchid collection growing as well as 
possible. 

Before Christmas we bought a grey 
water hose which is fitted to our washing 
machine hose. This allows for the first 
rinse to be pumped onto a small patch of 
grass to keep our two dogs happy. That 
first rinse is allowed to run onto the grass, 
subsequent rinse water, (approximately 
100 litres) is collected and used to water 
our garden plants. We haven’t been game 
enough to use this water for our orchids 
yet, but if stage 4 restrictions are imposed 
we will certainly be using this water for the 
orchids when no other water is available. 
We gave one of these grey water hoses to 
David’s mother at Christmas time and 
while some people thought we were mad it 
quickly became become one of her 
favorite gadgets once she saw how much 
water it could provide for her plants. 

We looked at more water saving ideas 
like many people have and are doing. We 
thought that if we saved water around the 
home we could justify watering our cym- 
bidiums. Two baby baths were bought and 
placed in the showers and we started using 
a bucket to collect the cold water which 
runs through the pipes while waiting for 
the hot water and while adjusting the 


Text and pictures by Carolin Allen 


shower temperature. This clean water is 
transferred to a 100 litre bin and by the end 
of a week we have around 75 litres which 
is used to water our miscellaneous genera 
via a watering can. We shower standing in 
the baby baths and this water is collected 
for the garden, about another 350 litres per 
week. The garden plants appear to be 
thriving using this grey water and it’s use 
has meant that all the allowable watering 
time under stage 3 restrictions can be 
devoted to our cymbidiums if necessary. 

We then moved on to ideas on how to 
save clean water for our orchids and while 
we couldn’t afford to buy a large tank we 
found other alternatives. 

Last winter they changed rubbish con- 
tractors where David works and as a result 
all the 240 litre rubbish bins had to be 
changed to those of the new contractor. A 
number of old bins were left behind from 
the previous contractor, apparently they 
weren’t theirs so they left them behind to 
be disposed of. Rather than see them go to 
the dump, David asked the facility man- 
ager if he could have them and we ended 
up with nine 240 litre wheelie bins. We 
gave away a couple to friends and David 
left some at work in case other workmates 
wanted them as he didn’t want to be 
greedy and we finished up with six. With 
the introduction of stage 3 restrictions the 
bins were quickly put into service and the 
rest of the still unclaimed and unwanted 
bins came home as 
well. 

We have six down 
pipes on our house and 
all now have water 


Above: Tap fittings required for bin conversion. 


Right: Tap fitted to wheelie bin. 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


diverters fitted to collect rain water into 
the bins and this adds up to quite a bit of 
water. The down pipe diverters came from 
Bunnings Hardware and are quite inge- 
nious and easy to open and close as shown 
in the accompanying photographs. David 
fitted the bins with tank fittings and taps 
from a local irrigation supply store. The 
bins gravity feed into a 200 litre barrel 
located in our hot house. This barrel, fitted 
with a “Davey” swimming pool water 
pump had been set up for for several years, 
but now on very hot days when we can’t 
water with mains water we use this supply 
to cool down the plants in the evenings. 
This barrel and pump also means we can 
water our orchids at any time (as long as 
we’ ve had enough rain to fill the bins and 
barrel). 

A very dear friend offered us a 1000 litre 
tank and pallet which we gladly accepted 
and after painting the black tank and pallet 
to match the house, both were set up on a 
stand made from concrete blocks. This 
tank is also situated to gravity feed into the 
barrel in the hot house and now with tank, 
bins and a couple of extra overflow barrels 
we can collect and store some 3000 litres 
of water. 

To help save water we have also put all 
of our large cymbidiums (seven inch pots 
and above) onto deep saucers from Garden 
City Plastics, while our smaller plants are 
sitting in disposable plastic sweet plates 


CYMBIDIUMS AUSTRALIA 


Down pipe with water diverter closed. 


available from cheap and $2 shops. Since 
doing this we have noticed that the plants 
remain moist and did not dry out over sum- 
mer. When it’s time to water some of the 
plants still had a little water left in their 
saucers or plates and if the plants were 
knocked from their pots the mix was still 
damp. Using this method you have to 
remember to flush the 
plants out once a week so 
that the water does not 
become stagnant. 

We also changed our pot- 
ting media to a blend which 
retains more moisture. Our 
mix had been strait com- 


Right: Mature plants 
in saucers. 


Below: Small cymbidium plants 
in disposable plates. 


58 


Down pipe with water diverter open. 


posted pine bark of 5-10mm, we are now 
using a mix of six parts composted bark 
and four parts coarse coco peat with the 
top of each pot sprinkled with Canunda 
shell and coarse dolomite lime. 

Our final move was to institute a big cull 
of our plants. After all why waste water on 
struggling plants? Any plants with labels 


dating back as far as the early ’90’s (yes, 
there were a few) and which had not flow- 
ered, along with any plants not growing or 
progressed to a certain standard have now 
gone! Between our green waste bin and 
our neighbours those plants have gone to 
the great garden in the sky, or perhaps and 
more appropriately, down to the furnace of 
Hades. 

Good growing and I hope you get a few 
ideas and some encouragement from this 


article. |_| 
Carolin Allen 
18 Wootten Cres., Langwarrin Vic. 3910. 


Australian 
Cymbidium Society — 
hellos and goodbyes 


f Bees Australian Cymbidium Society Inc. 
warmly welcomes three new state del- 
egates to its committee in David Brooks 
from the CCA (NSW) who joined us prior 
to the November AGM /delegates meeting 
and Ben Knobben and Peter Hall, both 
from the COCSA who have recently been 
elected to represent their state. All ACS 
delegates welcome them and look forward 
to a long, friendly and cooperative rela- 
tionship in the future. 

With two new delegates from South 
Australia it means along with Murray 
Weston’s retirement announced last issue, 
Alec Canala has also resigned from his 
ACS delegates role. The ACS extends it’s 
thanks to Alec for his active participation 
during his time as a delegate for COCSA 
and commends his commitment both on 
behalf of his club as well as the aims and 
ideals of the ACS, Alec was a valued con- 
tributor and a passionate advocate for 
progress, particularly in regard to judging 
matters. The ACS will miss his input and 


wishes him well. | 
Rob Smith, ACS secretary 


Update your records... 


™, Australian 


Review 


... has moved 


The publishers of Australian Orchid Review 
have relocated to new premises at 

Unit 3, 13 Stanton Road, Seven Hills. 
Please address all mail to: 

PO Box 26 Seven Hills, 

NSW 1730 Australia 

Ph 0296204143. Fax 02 9620 4102 


Email aor@agencygraphicworld.com.au 


The only change is the address. . . 
Australian Orchid Review continues to be 
the same excellent publication it has always 
been — full of brilliantly illustrated and infor- 
mative articles, news and views, profiles 
and plants, cultural notes, shows and show 
results, book reviews, features on those 
special orchids, specialist advertisers, 
future events, still produced by the same 
people, and much, much more.... 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


Peace Ae coc Se eee ne 2S SHOWDATES 


DATE TIME SEASON ORCHID SOCIETY SHOW ADDRESS 


New South Wales 
Orchid Society of NSW Horticultural Pavilion 


5-18 April 9.30am-7.00pm Autumn 
Royal Easter Show Homebush Showgrounds, Homebush 
12-13 April- Shopping Centre Hours Autumn City of Lismore OS Lismore Central Shopping Centre 
14 April Close 2.00pm Autumn Show Carrington Street, Lismore 
25-28 April Shopping Centre Hours Autumn Newcastle 0S Edgeworth Town Shopping Centre 
Autumn Show main Road, Edgeworth 
4-5 May 10.00am-7.00pm Autumn Maclean District OS Maclean Bowling Club 
Maclean Orchid Show Maclean 
4-6 May Shopping Centre Hours Autumn North Shore OS Forestway Shopping Centre, Frenches Forest 
9-11 May Shopping Centre Hours Autumn Grafton District OS Grafton Shoppingworld 
Grafton Autumn Orchid Show __ Grafton 
10 May 9.00am-4.00pm Autumn Nambucca Valley 0S Scout Hall 
11 May 9.00am-4.00pm Autumn Orchid Show Partridge Street, Macksville 
12 May 9.00am-3.00pm 
10-12 May Shopping Centre Hours Autumn Central Coast & Lakes OS Lakeside Plaza Shopping Centre 
Lakeside Plaza, The Entrance 
11-13 May Shopping Centre Hours Autumn Ballina & District OS Ballina Fair Shopping Centre 
Fox & Kerr Streets, Ballina 
41-13 May Shopping Centre Hours Autumn Western Suburbs 0S Strathfield Plaza 
Autumn Show Strathfield 
17-19 May Shopping Centre Hours Autumn Hawkesbury & District OS Richmond Market Place 
March Street, Richmond 


South West Rocks Country Club, South West Rocks 


19-20 May Club Hours Autumn Macleay Valley OS 
Casino & District OS Presbyterian Hall 


24-25 May 9.00am-5.00pm Autumn : ; 
Autumn Orchid Show Hickey Street, Casino (Fire Station street 


8.30am-1.00pm 
24-25 May 8.30am-9.00pm Autumn Tweed District OS Tweed City Shopping Centre 
26 May 8.30am-4.00pm Autumn Show Minjungbal Drive, Tweed Heads South 
31 May Shopping Centre Hours Autumn Cumberland Orchid Circle Carlingford Court 
2 June Orchid Display Cnr Carlingford & Pennants Hills Roads, Carlingford 
9 June 10.00am-4.00pm Winter Camden Haven OS Laurieton United Servicemen’s Club 
10 June 10.00am-3.00pm Seymour Street, Laurieton 
14-17 June Shopping Centre Hours Winter Orchid Society of NSW St Ives Shopping Village 
Winter Show Mona Vale Road, St Ives 
19-23 June Shopping Centre Hours Winter Boolaroo OS Wallsend Plaza 
Winter Show Cowper Street, Wallsend 
20-21 June 8.30am-9.00pm Winter Manning River OS Manning Mall Shopping Centre 
Manning Street, Taree 


22 June 8.30am-1.00pm Winter Show 
Maitland & Coalfields DistOS | Raymond Terrace Market Place 


21-23 June Shopping Centre Hours Autumn 
Autumn Show 


21-23 June 9.00am-5.00pm Winter Sutherland Shire OS Swanes Nursery 
24 June 9.00am-3.30pm 55th Winter Extravaganza 80 Port Hacking Road, Sylvania 
27-30 June Shopping Centre Hours Winter Newcastle OS Stockland Glendale Shopping Centre 
Winter Show Lake Road, Glendale 
30 June 11.00am-4.00pm Winter Shoalhaven OS Berry Showground 
4 Jul 9.00am-4.00pm Winter Show Cnr Victoria & Albert Streets (in Masonic Hall 
3 July 7.30am-10.00pm Winter Panania-East Hills OS Sports Pavilion, Panania-East Hills RSL Club 
Winter Show Childs Avenue, Panania 
4-7 July Shopping Centre Hours Winter Cumberland Orchid Circle Westfield Shoppingtown 
Winter Show North Rocks Road, North Rocks 
4-8 July Shopping Centre Hours Winter Fivedock RSL OS Rhodes Shopping Centre 
Winter Show Rhodes 
8 July 9.00am-3.30pm Winter Maroondah OS Beaumont Hall, Blackburn High School 
Market Day & Winter Show Cnr Williams & Springfield Roads, Blackburn 
11-14 July 9.00am-4.00pm Winter Illawarra District OS Mlawarra Yacht Club 
Winter Show No. 1 Northcliff Drive, Warrawong 


cer eerie Oc" cin adisi PL a eG 
42 July 10.00am-4.00pm Autumn Batemans Bay Orc/Foliage Soc + Stocklands Plaza 
Exhibition Day Perry Street, Batemans Bay 
42-14 July Shopping Centre Hours Winter Eastwood & District OS Eastwood Shopping Square 
Winter Show Rowe Street, Eastwoo' 
12-15 July Shopping Centre Hours Winter Campbelltown & District OS McArthur Shopping Square, Kellicar Road, Campbelltown 
14 July 9.00am-4.00pm Winter Southern Riverina OS Anglican Church Hall 
Winter Show Princes Highway, Milton 
15-21 July 9.00am-5.30pm Winter Fairfield District OS Stockland Wetherill Park 
19 July 9.00am-9.30pm Winter Show Polding Street, Wetherill Park 
19-20 July Shopping Centre Hours Winter Maitland & Coalfields DistOS Cessnock Market Place 


21 July Close 3.30pm Winter Show 
Central Coast & Lakes OS Lakeside Plaza Shopping Centre, 


19-21 July Shopping Centre Hours + Winter 
Lakeside Plaza, The Entrance 


20 July 9.00am-5.00pm Winter Eurobodalla Orchid Club CWA Hall 
21 Jul 9.00am-3.00pm Winter Show Queen Street, Moruya 
26-27 July 8.30am-9.00pm Winter Tweed District OS Tweed City Shopping Centre 
28 July 8.30am-4.00pm Winter Show Minjungbal Drive, Tweed Heads South 
5-7 August Shopping Centre Hours Winter Hawkesbury & District OS Blacktown Westpoint, Patrick Street, Blacktown 
8-11 August Shopping Centre Hours Autumn Illawarra District OS Gateway Shopping Centre 
Autumn Displa' Crown Street, Wollongong 
10-12 August 9.00am-5.00pm Winter 2007 National Orchid Dural Recreation Centre 
Extravaganza 95a Kenthurst Road, Dural Round Corner 
18 August 10.00am-4.30pm Spring Belinger Valley OS Uniting Church Hall 
Annual Show Belingen 
24-25 August 9.00am-5.00pm Spring Eurobodalla Orchid Club Sport & Leisure Centre 
26 August 9.00am-12.30pm Spring Show Blue Water Drive, Narooma 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 59 


SHOWDATES 


DATE TIME SEASON ORCHID SOCIETY SHOW ADDRESS 

26 August-1 Sept 9.00am-5.30pm Spring Fairfield District OS Stockland Wetherill Park 

30 August 9.00am-9.30pm Spring Show Polding Street, Wetherill Park 

28 August- Shopping Centre Hours Spring Boolaroo OS Belmont Citi Centre 

1 September Spring Show Belmont 

29 August- Shopping Centre Hours Spring Cumberland Orchid Circle Winston Hills Mall 

1 September Spring Show - Caroline Chisholm Drive, Winston Hills 

3-7 September Shopping Centre Hours Spring Eastwood & District OS Macquarie Shopping Square 
Spring Show Talevera Road, North Ryde 

5-8 September Shopping Centre Hours Spring Newcastle 0S Stockland Jesmond Sub ay Centre 
Spring Show Blue Gum Road, Jesmon 


8 September 


10.00am-3.30pm Spring 


Panania-East Hills OS 


Senior Citizen's Hall 


Spring Show Anderson Avenue, Panania 
12-16 September Shopping Centre Hours Spring Fivedock RSL OS Rhodes Shopping Centre 
Spring Show Rhodes 
14 September 11.00am-4.00pm Spring Shoalhaven OS Presbyterian Church Hall 
15 September 9.00am-4.00pm Spring Show Kinghorne Street, Nowra 
22-23 September 9.00am-3.00pm Spring Illawarra District OS Legacy House 
Winter Show 96 Market Street, Wollongong 
28-29 September 10.00am-7.00pm Spring Maclean District OS Maclean Bowling Club 
Maclean Orchid Show Maclean 
29 September 9.00am-5.00pm Spring Maroondah OS Beaumont Hall, Blackburn High School 
30 September 9.00am-4.00pm Spring Show Cnr Williams & Springfield Roads, Blackburn 
Queensland 
6-8 April 9.00am-4.00pm Autumn Queensland OS Auditorium 
Autumn Show Botanic Gardens, Mt Coot-tha, Brisbane 
7 April 8.30am-5.00pm Autumn Bribie Island OS Indoor Bowls Club Hall 


Orchid Display & Market Day _ First Avenue, Bribie Island 
12-13 April 9.00am-9.00pm Autumn North Queensland OS —Cairns _Raintrees Stopping Centre 
14 April 9.00am-1.00pm NQOS — Cairns Autumn Show __ Alfred Street, Manunda, Cairns 


12-14 April Shopping Centre Hours Autumn Pine Rivers OS Deception Bay Shopping Centre 
PROS Autumn Show Deception Bay Road 
13-14 April 9.00am-5.00pm Autumn Townsville OS Townsville Orchid Society Inc Hall 
15 April 9.00am-4.00pm Autumn Show Joe Kirwan Park, Charles Street, Kirwan 
14-15 April 8.00am-4.00pm Autumn West Bribane OS Brisbane Botanic Gardens Auditorium 
WBOS Autumn Show Mt Coot-tha 
20 April 9.00am-4.00pm Autumn Sunshine Coast OS — Caloundra Caloundra Uniting Church Hall 
21 April 9.00am-3.00pm “Orchids in April 2007” Cnr Queen and Ulm Streets, Caloundra 
20 April 8.30am-4.00pm Autumn Ipswich OS Bundamba Primary School Hall 
21 April 8.30am-2.00pm Autumn Show Brisbane Road, Bundamba 
21 April 8.00am-5.00pm Autumn Brisbane OS Community Hall 
22 April 8.00am-3.00pm 34th Charity Orchid Show Mt Gravatt Showgrounds, Logan Road, Mt Gravatt 
3-5 May -8.00am-5.00pm Autumn Atherton Tablelands OS Council Chambers 
Autumn Show Mabel Street, Atherton 
3-5 May 8.00am-5.00pm Autumn West Moreton Orchid Group City Square Shopping Centre 
Autumn Show Brisbane 
4-7 May 9.00am-4.00pm Autumn Darling Downs Orchid Society Walshs Seeds 
Autumn Show Ruthven Street, Toowoomba 
5 May 8.30am-5.00pm Autumn Gympie & District OS “The Pavilion” 
6 May 8.30am-2.30pm Cooloola Garden Expo Gympie Showgrounds, Gympie 
8-12 May Library Hours Autumn Redcliffe District OS Redcliffe City Library 
Oxley Avenue, Redcliffe 
10-11 May Shopping Centre Hours Autumn Ayr & District OS Burdekin Centrepoint 
Queen Street, Ayr 
10-11 May Shopping Centre Hours Autumn Blackwater & District Town Square, Shop Centre 
Orchid & Foliage Club Blain Street, Blackwater 
10-11 May 9.00am-9.00pm Winter North Queensland OS — Cairns Mt Sheridan plopainei centre 
12 Ma 9.00am-1.00pm Mothers Day Show 106 Barnard Drive, White Rock 
10-12 May Shopping Centre Hours Autumn Pine Rivers 0S Taigum Shopping Centre 
PROS Mothers Day Show 
10-12 May Shopping Centre Hours Autumn Townsville District Castletown Shopping Centre 
orchid & Allied Plants Assoc Hyde Park 
11-12 May Shopping Centre Hours Autumn Emeral Orchid & Foliage Soc vile Shopping Centre 
mera 
11-12 May Shopping Centre Hours Autumn Lockyer Valley OS WoolWorihs Complex 
ainian 
11 May 8.30am-5.00pm Autumn Noosa Dist Orc & Foliage Soc ~= CWA Hall 
12 Ma 8.30am-3.00pm Noosa Mothers Day Show Main Street, Cooro 
11-12 May 8.00am-4.00pm Autumn Bundaberg OS Civic centre 
13 May 8.30am-1.00pm Annual Autumn Show Bourbong Street, Bundaberg 
12-13 May 9.00am-4.00pm Autumn Aspley OS Community Hall 
: Mothers’ Day Show Edinburgh Castle Road, Wavell Heights 
12-13 May TBA Autumn Pumicestone District O&FS Ningi Community Hall 
Mothers’ Day Show Bribie Island Road, Ningi 
13 May 11.00am-3.00pm Autumn Proserpine Orchid & Rollage Cannonvale State School 
‘ Plant Soc — Mothers Day Fete  Cannonvale Beach 
19 May 10.00am-3.30pm Autumn South Burnett Uniting Church Hall 
Autumn Orchid Show Alford Street, Kingaroy 


60 The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


DATE TIME SEASON ORCHID SOCIETY SHOW ADDRESS 
24-26 May Shopping Centre Hours Autumn Casino & District OS Prestbyterian Church Hall 
Hickey Street, Casino 
9-10 June TBA Autumn TQOC, 42nd TQOC Conference _Lannercost Street, Ingham, North Queensland 
9-10 June 9.00am-5.00pm Winter Bribie Island OS Bribie Island State High School, First Avenue, Bribie Island 
11 June 2.30pm - Award Presentation Island Orchid Fantasy - 2007 _ STOCQ Orchidfest 
9 July 9.00am-10.00pm Winter Atherton Tablelands OS Atherton Showgrounds 
10 July 9.00am-5.00pm Agricultural Show Robert Street, Atherton 
12-14 July Shopping Centre Hours Winter Mackay & District OS Mt Pleasant/Greenfields Shopping Centre 
Autumn Show Mackay 
13-14 July 9.00am-5.00pm Winter Townsville OS Townsville Orchid Society Inc Hall 
15 July 9.00am-4.00pm Winter Show Joe Kirwan Park, Charles Street, Kirwan 
13-14 July 9.00am-5.00pm Winter Caboolture OS Memorial Hall 
15 July 9.00am-2.00pm Annual Winter Show King Street, Caboolture (opp. K-Mart) 
27-28 July 10.00am-4.30pm Winter Tully & District OS Tully Showgrounds 
Tully District Show Gates open 8.00am 
4-6 August 9.00am-4.00pm Winter Darling Downs Orchid Society Walshs Seeds 
Combined Winter Show Ruthven Street, Toowoomba 
23-25 August Shopping Centre Hours Winter Pine Rivers OS Deception Bay Shopping Centre 
PROS Winter Show Deception Bay Road 
25 August 8.30am-4.00pm Spring North Brisbane OS The Auditorium 
26 August 9.00am-4.00pm 2007 Annual Spring Show Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Mount Coot-tha 
28 September 9.00am-5.00pm Spring Glasshouse Country 0S Beerwah Community Hall 
29 September 9.00am-3.30pm Spring Show Peachester Road, Beerwah 
ACT 
22 September 11.00am-5.00pm Spring Orchid Society of Canberra St Johns Church 
23 September Noon-4.00pm Constitution Avenue, Reid, Canberra 
Victoria 
26-27 May 9.00am-5.00pm Autumn Maribyrnong OS Maribyrnong Community Centre 
Autumn Show Randall Street, Maribyrnong 
14-15 July 9.00am-5.00pm Winter Maribyrnong OS Maribyrnong Community Centre 
Winter Show Randall Street, Maribyrnong 
9 June 9.00am-5.00pm Winter Melbourne Eastern OS Uniting Church Community Hall, Burwood Heights 
10 June 12.30am-4.30pm M.E.0.S. Winter Show Cnr Blackburn Road & Burwood Highway 
11 June 9.00am-4.30pm Burwood East 
20 July 9.00am-5.00pm Winter Horsham & District OS Senior Citizens Centre 
21 July 9.00am-4.00pm Winter Orchid Show 7 Roberts Avenue, Horsham 
20 July 9.00am-9.00pm Winter Sunraysia Orchid Club Centro Mildura Plaza 
21 July 9.00am-5.30pm Winter Show Cnr Deakin Avenue & 15th Street, Mildura 
22 Jul 10.00am-5.00pm 
21-22 July 10.00am-4.30pm Winter Geelong Orchid & Indoor Plant Christchurch Hall 
Winter Show Cnr Moorabool & McKillop Streets, Geelong 
3-4 August 9.30am-5.00pm Winter Stawell OS Laidlan Park, Trackside Taberet 
5 August 9.30am-4.00pm Stawell Winter Show Patrick Street, Stawell 
5-11 August Shopping Centre Hours Autumn Mornington Peninsular OS Parkmore Shopping Centre 
Keysborough Orchid Show Cheltenham Road, Keysborough 
17-18 August 9.00am-5.00pm Winter Orchid Soc Council of Victoria Collectors Corner at Garden World 
19 August 9.00am-4.00pm Melbourne Orchid Spectacular 810 Springvale Road, Braeside 
23-26 August Shopping Centre Hours Winter Gippsland Orchid Club Mid Valley Shopping Centre 
Winter Show Morwell 
15 September 9.00am-5.00pm Spring Bairnsdale & Dist. Orc Group = Lucknow Memorial Hall 
16 September 9.00am-4.00pm Annual Spring Show Omeo Highway, Lucknow 
29 September 9.00am-5.00pm Spring Melbourne Eastern 0S Uniting Church Community Hall, Burwood Heights 
30 September 12.30am-4.30pm ‘World of Orchids’ Show Cnr Blackburn Road & Burwood Highway, Burwood East 
5 October 1.00pm-5.00pm Spring Bendigo Ochid Club YMCA Leisure Centre 
6 October 10.00am-5.00pm Annual Spring Show Browning Street, Kangaroo Flat 
7 October 10.00am-4.00pm 
South Australia 
30 June 12 noon-5.00pm Autumn SA Orchidaceous Society Klemzig Community Hall 
1 July 9.00am-4.00pm Autumn 0.G. Road, Klemzig 
6 July 12.00noon-5.00pm Winter Murray Bridge & Dist Orc Club Town Hall 
7-8 July 10.00am-4.00pm Winter Orchid Show Bridge Street, Murray Bridge 
18-21 July Shopping Centre Hours Winter Whyalla Orchid Club Westlands Shopping Centre 
Winter Show Whyalla Morrie 
20 July 10.00am-4.00pm Winter Port Augusta Orchid Club Port Augusta Garden Club Room 
21 Jul 10.00am-2.00pm Winter Show Cnr Elizabeth Terrace & Paringa Road, Port Augusta 
21-22 July 10.00am-4.00pm Winter Port Lincoln Orchid Club Kallinyalla Nursery 
Winter Show Shaen Street, Port Lincoln 
29 July- Shopping Centre Hours Winter SA Orchidaceous Society Stockland Parabanks 
4 August Winter Shopping Centre 
19-22 September Shopping Centre Hours Spring Whyalla Orchid Club Westlands Shopping Centre 
Spring Show Whyalla Morrie 
Western Australia 
3 May 8.00am-9.15pm Autumn Bunbury OS Australind Shopping Centre 
4-5 May 8.00am-5.30pm i Autumn Show Bunbu 
10 May 8.00am-8.00pm Autumn Geraldton OS Northgate Shopping Centre 
11 May 8.00am-6.00pm Northgate Mothers Day Geraldton 
12 May 8.00am-1.00pm Display 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 61 


DATE TIME SEASON ORCHID SOCIETY SHOW ADDRESS 
24-26 May Shopping Centre Hours Autumn Wanneroo OS ‘ Warwick Glove S/c 

Autumn Show Beach Road, Warwick 
5-7 July Shopping Centre Hours Winter Wanneroo OS Newpark S/c 

Winter Show Marrangaroo Drive, Girrawheen 
19 July 8.30am-9.00pm Winter Albany 0S North Road Shopping Centre 
20 July 8.30am-6.00pm Winter Show North Road, Albany 
21 July | 8.30am-12.30pm 
26 July 8.00am-9.15pm Winter — Bunbury 0S Bunbury Forum Shopping Centre 
27-28 July 8.00am-5.30pm Winter Show Bunbu 
20 September 8.30am-9.00pm Spring Albany 0S North Road Shopping Centre 
21 September 8.30am-6.00pm spring Show North Road, Albany 
22 September 8.30am-12.30pm 
27 September 8.00am-9.15pm Spring Bunbury OS Bunbury Forum Shopping Centre 
28-29 September _8.00am-5.30pm : Spring Show Bunbury 
Northern Territo 
2 June 9.00am-5.00pm Winter Litchfield OS. Mararra Indoor Stadium 
3 June 10.00am-5.00pm NT Orchid Spectacular Abala Road, Mararra 
New Zealand 
14 April 1.00pm-3.00pm Autumn Auckland Orchid Club Hobsonville Hall 
Hobsonville Road, Waitakere Ci 
28 April Noon-3.00pm Autumn New Zealand OS Auckland Horticultural Rooms 

990 Great North Road, Western Springs, Auckland 

23-24 June 10.00am-4.00pm Winter Wanganui OS Raceway Complex 

“Orchids for Everyone” Purnell Street, Wanganui 
8 July 1.30am-4.00pm Winter Waikato OS. Hamilton Gardens 

Waikato Winter Show Chartwell Room & Rotary Lounge 
19 July 10.00am-5.00pm Winter New Zealand OS Mount Albert War Memorial Hall 
20 Jul 10.00am-4.00pm New North Road, Mount Albert, Auckland 
8-9 September 9.00am-4.00pm Spring Capital City OS Begonia House 

Spring Show Wellington Botanic Gardens 
20 September 10.00am-5.00pm Spring New Zealand OS Mount Albert War Memorial Hall 


21 September 10.00am-4.00pm 


New North Road, Mount Albert, Auckland 


2006 New South Wales Christmas Party 


We having survived another 
year’s orchid flowering and 


show season we headed into the 
festive season and Christmas func- 
tions. For the Cymbidium Club of 
Australia (NSW) inc. the best part 
is that we hold our Christmas func- 
tion early, in November, so there is 
little chance of it clashing with 
other functions. This means that 
the majority of our members have 
the opportunity to attend and share 
the celebrations with their friends 
and fellow members. 

Over the last few years our club 
has adopted a change to such func- 
tions, where as a result of fund 
raising during the year, a spectacu- 
lar spread of seafood, hot and cold 
meats, along with salads and the 
appropriate accompaniments is 
provided. The meal is served as a 
smorgasbord and appears to. go 
down well with the members. 
Following the mains there was a 
short break before everyone turned 
to the sweets with enthusiasm, this 
was followed by coffee and tea. As 
in past years most of our able members 
attended and had a wonderful time. With 
the busiest time of the year over, it is a 
great opportunity for all members to catch 
up again with other members and friends 
they may not have seen for some time. 


62 


Text Peter Moore — photography by Fay Harris 


Mal and Fay Ferguson received the trophy for seedling of the year 
from secretary Peter Moore. 


The usual monster raffle was well sup- 
ported thanks to the efforts of Norm 
Shipway and Rose Gibson and most of the 
members present went home with a raffle 
prize of either a Christmas hamper, or one 
of the many donated seedlings which with 


a little luck will prove to be cham- 
pions in future years. 

The club also presented the tro- 
phy for seedling of the year on the 
night, this year the trophy went to 
Mal Ferguson. 

This would also be an appropri- 
ate time to thank some our hard 
working members and generous 
sponsors and supporters for their 
efforts during the year. There are 
many people who assist the secre- 
tary in his efforts to keep our club 
moving forward. Firstly, Betty, 
Frank and Michelle Moore, for 
without their support and efforts 
half the jobs would not get done on 
time. Our president, Geoff 
LeMarne and the CCA committee, 
for their support shown to me and 
for their own individual efforts. 
The Quest Appartments, Castle 
Hill and the Good Guys, (Nash 
Patel) Castle Hill, for their gen- 
erosity in donating prizes for our 
raffle. A special mention to Doctor 
Ceong Tay for his ongoing support 
to the club and of course, to the 
members who give their unconditional 
support and time during the year. 

Best wishes to all for the new year. 

Peter Moore 
10 Stephanie Street, Padstow, NSW 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


Editor: 
David P. Banks 
E-mail: davidpbanks@veritel.com.au 


Address editorial to: 

The Editor, Australian Orchid Review, 

PO Box 26 Seven Hills, NSW 1730 Australia 
Phone: (02) 9620 4143 

Fax: (02) 9620 4102 

Email: aor@agencygraphicworld.com.au 


The Australian Orchid Review 
is the official publication of the 
Australian Cymbidium Society. 


To join an orchid society 
contact these secretaries 


New South Wales 

Veronica Clowes 

P.O. Box 5396, Chullora NSW 2190 
Phone: (02) 9649 2719 

Email: honsecosnsw@yahoo.com.au 


Australian Orchid Review 


Queensland 

Maree Illingworth 

P.O. Box 126BC, Brown Plains 4118 
Phone: (07) 3800 3213 

Email: r.millingworth@uq.net.au 


Victoria 

Diane Sharam 

1 Tynan Street, West Preston, 3072 
Phone: (03) 9478 9764 


Fred Stewart 

26 Bryson Grove, Lower Templestowe 3107 
Phone: (03) 9850 6185 

Email: fred@blaze.net.au 


South Australia 

Coralie Hills 

G.P.O. Box 730, Adelaide 5001 
Phone: (08) 8721 3213 

Don Higgs 

P.O. Box 134, Myponga SA 5202 
Phone: (08) 8558 6247 

Email: jhiggs@internode.on.net 


While the Proprietors of the Australian Orchid Review endeavour to assure the reliability of advertising and editorial, neither the Proprietor of the “Australian Orchid Review” 
nor the Editor and the affiliated Orchid Societies can assume responsibility for the advice or transaction between advertisers and readers. The opinions and recommendations — 
that may appear in this publication regarding the selection and use of specific plant-care products, including but not limited to pesticides, fungicides and herbicides, are those 
of the individual authors, and not those of the Australian Orchid Review, which neither adopts nor endorses such opinions and recommendations and disclaims all responsi- 
bility for them. When selecting and using such products, readers should seek and obtain the advice of the manufacturer and of responsible government departments. 


Western Australia 
R. McGrath 

P.O. Box 58, Como 6152 
Phone: (08) 9367 9306 


Tasmania 

Jan Dicker 

G.P.O. Box 467, Hobart 7001 
Phone: (03) 6247 9636 


Northern Territory 
Tammie Coyne 
P.O. Box 38493, Winnellie 0821 


Published and printed by 
AGENCY GRAPHIC WORLD 
ABN. 82 003 531 253 
PO Box 26 Seven Hills, 
NSW 1730 Australia 
Phone: (02) 9620 4143 
-Fax: (02) 9620 4102 


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Newmarket Hardware..... mol 
Nicky ZUrCheP oo. eeseeeseeeees 26 
National Orchid Extravaganza 146 
Orchidaceous Books.............. Per (4 
Orchid Pot Company, The .......::ssssssssssssesesesesesssesenenes 3 
Orchid Productions............. nn ne) 
Orchid Review (UK)........ te nual, 
Orchid Species Plus ...... rt 126 
Orchid Tray Company ........ _— neo i 
Peters Glen Shade Houses raele) 
Pioneer Orchid Farm.............. nd: 


Retina Australia... 
Rosella Orchids.... i 
Schaeffers Orchids ............ rot 
Springfield Orchids .... 
Stockers Nursery ....... 
Tinonee Orchids......... 
Tom Burian Orchids 
Valley Orchids..........ssseeseseee 
Western Orchid Laboratories.........cccscscsessesseseerees 38 


The Australian Orchid Review, April/May 2007 


THE ORCHID ACADEMY — Corres- 
pondence courses on all aspects of orchid 
growing for beginners, advanced growers 
and anyone contemplating employment in 
the orchid industry. Clear, concise courses 
written by qualified trainer with over 50 
years’ experience in orchids. For brochure 
phone or fax (07) 5596 7429 or visit our 
website: www.theorchidacademy.com.au 


Buy, sell or swap. Five lines (approximately thirty words) for only $30, 
each additional line (approximately six words) $4 (includes GST). 


ORCHID NURSERY WHOLESALE 
¢ Same owner since 1985. 
¢ Located in Sydney’s Hills District. 
¢ Well established Market. 
¢ Easy operation. 
Phone 0416 149 400. 


2007 ORCHID EVENTS — WHAT’S ON! 


April 21-22 — 

Brisbane Orchid Society 34th Charity 
Orchid Show, Mt Gravatt 
Showgrounds, Brisbane QLD 


May 18-20 — 
Victorian International Orchid Fair — 
Greensborough VIC 


June 7-9 — 

Sub Tropical Orchid Council of 
Queensland Triennial Orchid Expo — 
Bribie Island QLD 


July 8 — 
Tinonee Orchids Open Day NSW 


August 10-12 — 
2007 National Orchid Extravaganza, 
Dural Recreation Centre, Dural NSW 


August 24-26 — 
Manning River Orchid Society 50th 
Anniversary Show, Taree NSW 


September 6-9 — 
Flora Fest, Mt Penang NSW 


September 29-30 — 
Orchid Heaven 2007, Bega NSW 


October 7 — 
Hills District Orchids 
Spring Open Day, Northmead NSW 


December 2 — 
Dark Star Orchids Open Day, 
Northmead NSW 


2008 


September 27-29 — 
Tasmanian Orchid Conference 2008 


63